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<p>In this study, a ternary nanocomposite thin film comprising sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol (SPVA), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized to achieve enhanced antimicrobial performance. Sulfonation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) improved hydrophilicity, surface charge density, and compatibility, enabling uniform nanoparticle dispersion and strong interfacial interactions. The SPVA/TiO₂/rGO nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. Results confirmed functional group interactions, anatase TiO₂ crystallinity, uniformly interconnected morphology, and TiO₂ average particle sizes of 15–20&#xa0;nm. A red shift in the absorption edge from 315 to 330&#xa0;nm indicated improved visible-light absorption. Antibacterial assays, including agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time–kill studies, demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, with inhibition zones up to 13.5&#xa0;mm and MIC values as low as 31.25&#xa0;µg/mL. The nanocomposite also exhibited stimulus-responsive behavior, with water uptake reaching 240% at 45&#xa0;°C and electro-responsive water loss of 45% under 6&#xa0;V. The observed antibacterial activity arises from a multi-mechanistic action involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, membrane disruption, and improved nanomaterial dispersion. These findings suggest the SPVA/TiO₂/rGO nanocomposite as a promising material for water disinfection and antimicrobial packaging, with biomedical use as a potential avenue requiring biocompatibility validation.</p>

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Fabrication and Characterization of SPVA/TiO₂/rGO Nanocomposite Thin Film with Antibacterial and Moisture-Regulating Functionalities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月24日

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  • Syed Khalid Mustafa,
  • Meshari M. H. Aljohani,
  • Omar M. Alatawi,
  • Rasha Jame,
  • Elham M Alhathli,
  • Khadra B. Alomari,
  • Sidra Shakeel,
  • Mohd Imran Ahamed

摘要

In this study, a ternary nanocomposite thin film comprising sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol (SPVA), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized to achieve enhanced antimicrobial performance. Sulfonation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) improved hydrophilicity, surface charge density, and compatibility, enabling uniform nanoparticle dispersion and strong interfacial interactions. The SPVA/TiO₂/rGO nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. Results confirmed functional group interactions, anatase TiO₂ crystallinity, uniformly interconnected morphology, and TiO₂ average particle sizes of 15–20 nm. A red shift in the absorption edge from 315 to 330 nm indicated improved visible-light absorption. Antibacterial assays, including agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time–kill studies, demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with inhibition zones up to 13.5 mm and MIC values as low as 31.25 µg/mL. The nanocomposite also exhibited stimulus-responsive behavior, with water uptake reaching 240% at 45 °C and electro-responsive water loss of 45% under 6 V. The observed antibacterial activity arises from a multi-mechanistic action involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, membrane disruption, and improved nanomaterial dispersion. These findings suggest the SPVA/TiO₂/rGO nanocomposite as a promising material for water disinfection and antimicrobial packaging, with biomedical use as a potential avenue requiring biocompatibility validation.