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<p>Improvement of biopolymeric blends properties such as mechanical strength and cell attachment in presence of effective bioactive additives to apply them as promising soft tissue scaffolds has received a great deal of attention. This work aimed to prepare agarose (AG)-based hydrogel scaffolds containing hyaluronic acid (HA) along with kartogenin (KGN) as well as hydroxyapatite (HAP) and carry out a series of experiments for their potential in cartilage applications. The mechanical characteristics showed the key role of HAP in the polymeric matrix, thereby increasing the Young’s modulus up to 100%. By adding 1% (w/v) HA to the hydrogel sample (AG 4% (w/v), HAP 2% (w/v), KGN 150 μL), the obtained results exhibited a porous surface, high swelling alongside rapid degradation. The comparison of KGN release from hydrogel samples with different HA contents revealed that the sample with HA 1% (w/v) has the highest KGN release against the other samples. Regarding L929 cell line viability, the indispensable role of KGN was inevitable in which the cell viability was greater than the control samples including cell/feeding medium. Eventually, the cell adhesion and proliferation on the hydrogel samples proved that the 1% of HA resulted in providing a suitable and viable environment after 1 and 7&#xa0;days, respectively. By considering the importance of HA, HAP, and KGN besides AG, it was concluded that this biomaterial system could be an appropriate candidate used for soft tissue scaffolds such as cartilage.</p>

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Agarose-Based Hydrogel Scaffolds Containing Kartogenin and Hydroxyapatite Used for Soft Tissue Applications, Potentially: Role of Hyaluronic Acid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月27日

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  • Neda Afjoul,
  • Payam Zahedi,
  • Amir Shamloo

摘要

Improvement of biopolymeric blends properties such as mechanical strength and cell attachment in presence of effective bioactive additives to apply them as promising soft tissue scaffolds has received a great deal of attention. This work aimed to prepare agarose (AG)-based hydrogel scaffolds containing hyaluronic acid (HA) along with kartogenin (KGN) as well as hydroxyapatite (HAP) and carry out a series of experiments for their potential in cartilage applications. The mechanical characteristics showed the key role of HAP in the polymeric matrix, thereby increasing the Young’s modulus up to 100%. By adding 1% (w/v) HA to the hydrogel sample (AG 4% (w/v), HAP 2% (w/v), KGN 150 μL), the obtained results exhibited a porous surface, high swelling alongside rapid degradation. The comparison of KGN release from hydrogel samples with different HA contents revealed that the sample with HA 1% (w/v) has the highest KGN release against the other samples. Regarding L929 cell line viability, the indispensable role of KGN was inevitable in which the cell viability was greater than the control samples including cell/feeding medium. Eventually, the cell adhesion and proliferation on the hydrogel samples proved that the 1% of HA resulted in providing a suitable and viable environment after 1 and 7 days, respectively. By considering the importance of HA, HAP, and KGN besides AG, it was concluded that this biomaterial system could be an appropriate candidate used for soft tissue scaffolds such as cartilage.