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<p>Here, Turbinaria seaweed–derived cellulose nanocrystals (TS-CNC) are extracted using various chemical methods, such as alkali treatment, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis. The compositional analysis revealed a significant increase in cellulose content from untreated (12.54 ± 0.03) to treated (37.67 ± 0.04) fibers. Additionally, ATR-FTIR results showed the sequential removal of non-cellulosic components like hemicellulose and lignin, without causing any structural deformities in cellulose I, as indicated by the characteristic peaks at 896&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup> in the spectra. This isolation process produced a TS-CNC yield of 19% and a zeta potential of − 40.8 ± 0.3&#xa0;mV, suggesting improved colloidal stability of the CNC suspension and enhanced thermal stability, as demonstrated by TGA analysis. Based on XRD data, crystallinity increased from 31.25% in the raw fiber to 68.21% in the TS-CNC. Regarding morphology, the isolated TS-CNC exhibits a needle-like structure with an average aspect ratio of 21, a length of 364 ± 15&#xa0;nm, and a width of 17 ± 6&#xa0;nm. Hence, the novelty of the research not only focuses on the physicochemical characterization of TS-CNC, but also on a detailed analysis of the cytocompatibility of brown seaweed–derived nanocrystals.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Unveiling the Potential of Turbinaria Seaweed as a Source of Cellulose Nanocrystals: Structural, Morphological, and Cytotoxic Assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Fathima Asharaf,
  • S.R Radhika Rajasree,
  • K. Govindaraju

摘要

Here, Turbinaria seaweed–derived cellulose nanocrystals (TS-CNC) are extracted using various chemical methods, such as alkali treatment, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis. The compositional analysis revealed a significant increase in cellulose content from untreated (12.54 ± 0.03) to treated (37.67 ± 0.04) fibers. Additionally, ATR-FTIR results showed the sequential removal of non-cellulosic components like hemicellulose and lignin, without causing any structural deformities in cellulose I, as indicated by the characteristic peaks at 896 cm−1 in the spectra. This isolation process produced a TS-CNC yield of 19% and a zeta potential of − 40.8 ± 0.3 mV, suggesting improved colloidal stability of the CNC suspension and enhanced thermal stability, as demonstrated by TGA analysis. Based on XRD data, crystallinity increased from 31.25% in the raw fiber to 68.21% in the TS-CNC. Regarding morphology, the isolated TS-CNC exhibits a needle-like structure with an average aspect ratio of 21, a length of 364 ± 15 nm, and a width of 17 ± 6 nm. Hence, the novelty of the research not only focuses on the physicochemical characterization of TS-CNC, but also on a detailed analysis of the cytocompatibility of brown seaweed–derived nanocrystals.

Graphical Abstract