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<p>This study aimed to synthesize and characterize curcumin-modified silver nanoparticles (Curcumin-AgNPs) and evaluate their antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties against <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> compared to curcumin and AgNPs alone<i>. P. mirabilis</i>, a leading uropathogen in chronic catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), poses a significant public health challenge due to its biofilm-forming ability, urease production, and rising antibiotic resistance, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field to address such challenges, offering innovative solutions to combat bacterial resistance. Curcumin-AgNPs were synthesized by chemical reduction and characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Their antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties were evaluated against <i>P. mirabilis.</i> Statistical analysis was performed using OriginPro 9.0, GraphPad Prism 9.0, and the R language. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirmed the effective synthesis of curcumin-AgNPs, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated spherical nanoparticles of nanoscale dimensions. Curcumin-AgNPs exhibited enhanced antimicrobial, antibiofilm efficacy against <i>P. mirabilis</i>, with reduced MIC, MBC, MBIC<sub>50</sub> values (0.0244–0.0488&#xa0;mg/mL; 0.0488–0.0976&#xa0;mg/mL; 0.1602–0.7549&#xa0;mg/mL) in comparison to curcumin (1.5625–6.25&#xa0;mg/mL;3.125–12.5&#xa0;mg/mL; 13.18–71.12&#xa0;mg/mL) and AgNPs (0.0976–0.1953&#xa0;mg/mL; 0.1953–0.3906&#xa0;mg/mL; 0.4166–2.225&#xa0;mg/mL). Agar well diffusion assay demonstrated larger inhibition zones for curcumin-AgNPs (19.10 ± 0.11–15.03 ± 0.15&#xa0;mm). In contrast, AgNPs and curcumin exhibited moderate and relatively uniform inhibition zones, ranging from 10.86 ± 0.11 to 12.03 ± 0.25&#xa0;mm and 10.86 ± 0.11 to 11.13 ± 0.15&#xa0;mm, respectively. Furthermore, curcumin-AgNPs demonstrated higher antioxidant efficacy (93.11%) and reduced toxicity (LC<sub>50</sub>: 1101.997&#xa0;µg/mL) relative to curcumin (82.76%, 969.817&#xa0;µg/mL) and AgNPs (46.00%, 53.921&#xa0;µg/mL). Curcumin-AgNPs exhibit significant antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant properties while exhibiting low cytotoxicity, underscoring their potential as a novel therapeutic alternative for infections caused by <i>P. mirabilis.</i></p>

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Curcumin-Modified Silver Nanoparticles’ Bioactivities Against Biofilm Forming, Multidrug-Resistant, Uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月9日

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  • N. M. C. Nissanka,
  • G. Priyadarshana,
  • K. A. A. Dilhari,
  • J. A. Munasinghe,
  • M. Dilshani,
  • M. M. Weerasekera

摘要

This study aimed to synthesize and characterize curcumin-modified silver nanoparticles (Curcumin-AgNPs) and evaluate their antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties against Proteus mirabilis compared to curcumin and AgNPs alone. P. mirabilis, a leading uropathogen in chronic catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), poses a significant public health challenge due to its biofilm-forming ability, urease production, and rising antibiotic resistance, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field to address such challenges, offering innovative solutions to combat bacterial resistance. Curcumin-AgNPs were synthesized by chemical reduction and characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Their antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties were evaluated against P. mirabilis. Statistical analysis was performed using OriginPro 9.0, GraphPad Prism 9.0, and the R language. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirmed the effective synthesis of curcumin-AgNPs, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated spherical nanoparticles of nanoscale dimensions. Curcumin-AgNPs exhibited enhanced antimicrobial, antibiofilm efficacy against P. mirabilis, with reduced MIC, MBC, MBIC50 values (0.0244–0.0488 mg/mL; 0.0488–0.0976 mg/mL; 0.1602–0.7549 mg/mL) in comparison to curcumin (1.5625–6.25 mg/mL;3.125–12.5 mg/mL; 13.18–71.12 mg/mL) and AgNPs (0.0976–0.1953 mg/mL; 0.1953–0.3906 mg/mL; 0.4166–2.225 mg/mL). Agar well diffusion assay demonstrated larger inhibition zones for curcumin-AgNPs (19.10 ± 0.11–15.03 ± 0.15 mm). In contrast, AgNPs and curcumin exhibited moderate and relatively uniform inhibition zones, ranging from 10.86 ± 0.11 to 12.03 ± 0.25 mm and 10.86 ± 0.11 to 11.13 ± 0.15 mm, respectively. Furthermore, curcumin-AgNPs demonstrated higher antioxidant efficacy (93.11%) and reduced toxicity (LC50: 1101.997 µg/mL) relative to curcumin (82.76%, 969.817 µg/mL) and AgNPs (46.00%, 53.921 µg/mL). Curcumin-AgNPs exhibit significant antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant properties while exhibiting low cytotoxicity, underscoring their potential as a novel therapeutic alternative for infections caused by P. mirabilis.