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<p>Overuse of antibiotics and chemical antimicrobials has created an urgent need for eco-friendly antimicrobial strategies. This research creates polycaprolactone nanofiber (PCL_NF) coated and infused with <i>Eucalyptus radiata</i> essential oil (ERO) surfaces (PCL_NFCS15-ERO) to reduce bacterial adhesion and microalgal proliferation while preventing the development of antimicrobial resistance. Uniform and bead-free electrospun PCL_NF (average diameter 995 ± 0.3&#xa0;nm) were produced and coated onto glass substrates. PCL_NFCS15-ERO surfaces significantly reduced <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> attachment, from 162 ± 1.7 × 10<sup>5</sup>&#xa0;CFU/mL on 3&#xa0;days to 7.5 ± 0.4 × 10<sup>5</sup>&#xa0;CFU/mL. The anti-microalgal activity of PCL_NFCS15-ERO was assessed using <i>Chlorella</i> sp. as a model organism through OD<sub>680</sub>, chlorophyll (a + b) content, and cell counting over 14&#xa0;days. Results showed a significant reduction, with OD<sub>680</sub> values in the control group decreasing from 0.442 ± 0.008 to 0.002 by 14&#xa0;days, effectively inhibiting <i>Chlorella</i> growth. Unlike the proliferation observed on control surfaces, chlorophyll and cell count confirmed the effective antifouling activity of PCL_NFCS15-ERO. Additionally, cytotoxicity and cellular attachment tests on HEK292T-ATCC demonstrated good biocompatibility. Overall, PCL_NFCS15-ERO surfaces offer a biodegradable, non-toxic, and effective alternative for reducing microbial attachment with significant potential for marine and biomedical applications. This approach supports sustainable antimicrobial development and reduces reliance on harmful chemical agents.</p>

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Green Antimicrobial Surfaces: Essential Oil–Infused Nanofiber Coatings for Bacterial Adhesion Prevention and Microalgae Inhibition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月22日

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  • Sena Kardelen Dinc,
  • Elif Irem Caliskan,
  • Oznur Akbal Vural,
  • Nalan Oya San Keskin

摘要

Overuse of antibiotics and chemical antimicrobials has created an urgent need for eco-friendly antimicrobial strategies. This research creates polycaprolactone nanofiber (PCL_NF) coated and infused with Eucalyptus radiata essential oil (ERO) surfaces (PCL_NFCS15-ERO) to reduce bacterial adhesion and microalgal proliferation while preventing the development of antimicrobial resistance. Uniform and bead-free electrospun PCL_NF (average diameter 995 ± 0.3 nm) were produced and coated onto glass substrates. PCL_NFCS15-ERO surfaces significantly reduced Pseudomonas aeruginosa attachment, from 162 ± 1.7 × 105 CFU/mL on 3 days to 7.5 ± 0.4 × 105 CFU/mL. The anti-microalgal activity of PCL_NFCS15-ERO was assessed using Chlorella sp. as a model organism through OD680, chlorophyll (a + b) content, and cell counting over 14 days. Results showed a significant reduction, with OD680 values in the control group decreasing from 0.442 ± 0.008 to 0.002 by 14 days, effectively inhibiting Chlorella growth. Unlike the proliferation observed on control surfaces, chlorophyll and cell count confirmed the effective antifouling activity of PCL_NFCS15-ERO. Additionally, cytotoxicity and cellular attachment tests on HEK292T-ATCC demonstrated good biocompatibility. Overall, PCL_NFCS15-ERO surfaces offer a biodegradable, non-toxic, and effective alternative for reducing microbial attachment with significant potential for marine and biomedical applications. This approach supports sustainable antimicrobial development and reduces reliance on harmful chemical agents.