<p>This study shows the effect of curcumin and nano-curcumin on the physiological and reproductive characteristics of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> as a model animal. In this experiment, 3-day-old flies (both gender) were fed diets that did not contain curcumin (the control group), another group was fed curcumin at a concentration (0.5&#xa0;mg/g, 1&#xa0;mg/g, 5&#xa0;mg/g, and 10&#xa0;mg/g of the medium), and other group was fed with nano-curcumin with the same concentrations. The indicators of oxidative stress were measured, including levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity. Additionally, the anesthesia time and oviposition were also analyzed. In addition to biological assays, the physical characterization of nano-curcumin which was commercially obtained was analyzed to ensure its nanoscale structure. The analysis included scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-tay diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), and chromaticity. The study revealed that both curcumin and nano-curcumin had a greater ability to reduce oxidative stress in drosophila, as evidenced by decreasing MDA levels (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and increasing of SOD activity (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and CAT activity (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.002). In addition, feeding <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> with curcumin and nano-curcumin led to an increase in the number of eggs laid by females (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and prolonged the time required for anesthesia (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). These effects were compared to those observed in the curcumin and control groups, with nano-curcumin showing a higher response in all parameters.These results reflect the high efficacy of nano-curcumin in improving physiological and reproductive performance in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>. The observed improvement was significantly associated with a reduction in oxidative stress, highlighting its promising potential for biological applications.</p>