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<p>Brahmi and Ashwagandha, traditional medicinal plants, contain bioactive compounds (BCs), bacoside A (BA) and withanolide A (WA), with proven potential against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, their low bioavailability due to environmental and gastrointestinal factors limits efficacy. This study developed a nanoliposomal formulation using the thin-film hydration method, to enhance the stability and targeted delivery of BA and WA, addressing these challenges. Cholesterol was used to stabilize the lipid membrane’s fluidity and obtain the controlled release of the BCs in the gastrointestinal tract. Nanoliposomes with different ratios of BA and WA (1:4, 1:1, 4:1) were synthesized and evaluated for encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), and in vitro release in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. The liposomal formulation with BA-WA in 4:1 ratio exhibited the highest potential, with an EE of 79.15 ± 3.96% and LC of 3.96 ± 0.20%. It demonstrated a sustained release of 58.5 ± 2.93% of the BCs over 6&#xa0;h in simulated intestinal fluid. Upon loading the compounds, the nanoliposome size increased from 68.80 ± 3.44&#xa0;nm to 125.30 ± 6.27&#xa0;nm, and their ζ-potential and IR-spectra confirmed successful encapsulation of BA and WA. Storage stability tests indicated that the formulation remained stable at − 20&#xa0;°C, and 4&#xa0;°C identified as the best temperature for long-term storage. Furthermore, liposomal formulation exhibited no cytotoxicity against the SH-SY5Y cells as indicated by MTT assay and live cell-imaging.</p>

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Development of Nanoliposomes for Sustained Gastrointestinal Delivery of Bacoside A and Withanolide A: Potential Therapeutics for Alzheimer’s Disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月2日

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  • Sukriti Srivastava,
  • Surbhi Chauhan,
  • Heena Yadav,
  • Prashant Mishra,
  • Sunil Kumar Khare

摘要

Brahmi and Ashwagandha, traditional medicinal plants, contain bioactive compounds (BCs), bacoside A (BA) and withanolide A (WA), with proven potential against Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, their low bioavailability due to environmental and gastrointestinal factors limits efficacy. This study developed a nanoliposomal formulation using the thin-film hydration method, to enhance the stability and targeted delivery of BA and WA, addressing these challenges. Cholesterol was used to stabilize the lipid membrane’s fluidity and obtain the controlled release of the BCs in the gastrointestinal tract. Nanoliposomes with different ratios of BA and WA (1:4, 1:1, 4:1) were synthesized and evaluated for encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), and in vitro release in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. The liposomal formulation with BA-WA in 4:1 ratio exhibited the highest potential, with an EE of 79.15 ± 3.96% and LC of 3.96 ± 0.20%. It demonstrated a sustained release of 58.5 ± 2.93% of the BCs over 6 h in simulated intestinal fluid. Upon loading the compounds, the nanoliposome size increased from 68.80 ± 3.44 nm to 125.30 ± 6.27 nm, and their ζ-potential and IR-spectra confirmed successful encapsulation of BA and WA. Storage stability tests indicated that the formulation remained stable at − 20 °C, and 4 °C identified as the best temperature for long-term storage. Furthermore, liposomal formulation exhibited no cytotoxicity against the SH-SY5Y cells as indicated by MTT assay and live cell-imaging.