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<p>Coffee, a global key agricultural product, is threatened by diseases such as coffee leaf rust (CLR), which is caused by the biotrophic fungus <i>Hemileia vastatrix</i>. In this study, we investigated the bifunctional role of phase-dependent Cu<sub>x</sub>O/Cu nanoparticles (NPs), specifically Cu-1 (100% Cu), Cu-2 (81.4% Cu, 18.6% Cu<sub>2</sub>O), and Cu<sub>2</sub>O/Cu (80% Cu<sub>2</sub>O, 19.7% Cu), as fungicides for managing CLR and as a fertilizer for infected coffee plants. In vitro assays were performed to assess the inhibition of <i>H. vastatrix</i> uredospore germination using NP concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75&#xa0;mg/mL, with commercial copper oxychloride (4&#xa0;mg/mL) as the positive control and water as the negative control. In vivo studies involved foliar applications of the same Cu-based NPs and controls on CLR-infected plants, with CLR incidence and severity evaluated every 20&#xa0;days over an eight-month period, ending with an evaluation of plant traits and Cu bioaccumulation. Cu<sub>2</sub>O/Cu NPs exhibited the half-maximal inhibitory concentration against uredospore germination (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.125&#xa0;mg/mL), followed by Cu-2 NPs (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.167&#xa0;mg/mL) and Cu-1 NPs (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.162&#xa0;mg/mL). All Cu-based NPs effectively controlled CLR, with incidence rates at the highest concentration recorded as 1.72%, 0.38%, 0.82%, and 5.49% for Cu-1 NPs, Cu-2 NPs, Cu<sub>2</sub>O/Cu NPs, and the commercial fungicide, respectively. Severity followed the order 1.2, 0.9, 0.3, and 0.8. Additionally, all Cu-based NPs enhanced plant traits such as growth, biomass, and total Cu content, with the highest accumulation observed in Cu-1 NPs, although Cu trafficking was more efficient in plants treated with the commercial fungicide. Cu-2 NPs also showed the highest defoliation (4.3%), which was similar to that of the commercial fungicide. Overall, the Cu-2 NPs were the most effective for both CLR control and plant trait enhancement.</p>

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Two-Phase CuₓO/Cu Nanoparticles Suppress Hemileia vastatrix and Enhance Growth in Coffea arabica Plants

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • Daniel Lopez-Lima,
  • Gloria Carrion,
  • Arturo I. Mtz-Enriquez,
  • Zelene Duran-Barradas,
  • Jaime López-Luna,
  • Nicolaza Pariona

摘要

Coffee, a global key agricultural product, is threatened by diseases such as coffee leaf rust (CLR), which is caused by the biotrophic fungus Hemileia vastatrix. In this study, we investigated the bifunctional role of phase-dependent CuxO/Cu nanoparticles (NPs), specifically Cu-1 (100% Cu), Cu-2 (81.4% Cu, 18.6% Cu2O), and Cu2O/Cu (80% Cu2O, 19.7% Cu), as fungicides for managing CLR and as a fertilizer for infected coffee plants. In vitro assays were performed to assess the inhibition of H. vastatrix uredospore germination using NP concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mg/mL, with commercial copper oxychloride (4 mg/mL) as the positive control and water as the negative control. In vivo studies involved foliar applications of the same Cu-based NPs and controls on CLR-infected plants, with CLR incidence and severity evaluated every 20 days over an eight-month period, ending with an evaluation of plant traits and Cu bioaccumulation. Cu2O/Cu NPs exhibited the half-maximal inhibitory concentration against uredospore germination (IC50 = 0.125 mg/mL), followed by Cu-2 NPs (IC50 = 0.167 mg/mL) and Cu-1 NPs (IC50 = 0.162 mg/mL). All Cu-based NPs effectively controlled CLR, with incidence rates at the highest concentration recorded as 1.72%, 0.38%, 0.82%, and 5.49% for Cu-1 NPs, Cu-2 NPs, Cu2O/Cu NPs, and the commercial fungicide, respectively. Severity followed the order 1.2, 0.9, 0.3, and 0.8. Additionally, all Cu-based NPs enhanced plant traits such as growth, biomass, and total Cu content, with the highest accumulation observed in Cu-1 NPs, although Cu trafficking was more efficient in plants treated with the commercial fungicide. Cu-2 NPs also showed the highest defoliation (4.3%), which was similar to that of the commercial fungicide. Overall, the Cu-2 NPs were the most effective for both CLR control and plant trait enhancement.