<p>Ocular fungal infections include fungal keratitis, conjunctivitis, endophthalmitis, and blepharitis. Specifically, fungal keratitis, if untreated, may cause vision loss. Fungal infections are generally treated with conventional antifungal agents, However, the limitations of their solubility and toxicity hold back their therapeutic outcome. Moreover, the available dosage forms, such as eye drops, suffer from low bioavailability, short residence time, and antibiotic resistance. Thus, providing an efficient ophthalmic drug delivery system&#xa0;was a great priority. Recently, nanosystems have been developed to circumvent the shortcomings of conventional treatments because of their capability to improve drug solubility, bioavailability, and antifungal activity, as well as minimize their toxicity. This review sheds light on diverse classes of antifungal agents alongside their recently formulated nano-based systems that have been formulated to dodge the drawbacks related to the drugs themselves, in addition to overcoming the multiple ocular barriers.</p>

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Nanoformulations of Antifungal Agents for the Management of Ocular Fungal Infections

  • Eman M. Abd-Elmonem,
  • Amna MA Makky,
  • Islam A. Khalil,
  • Wessam H. Abd-Elsalam

摘要

Ocular fungal infections include fungal keratitis, conjunctivitis, endophthalmitis, and blepharitis. Specifically, fungal keratitis, if untreated, may cause vision loss. Fungal infections are generally treated with conventional antifungal agents, However, the limitations of their solubility and toxicity hold back their therapeutic outcome. Moreover, the available dosage forms, such as eye drops, suffer from low bioavailability, short residence time, and antibiotic resistance. Thus, providing an efficient ophthalmic drug delivery system was a great priority. Recently, nanosystems have been developed to circumvent the shortcomings of conventional treatments because of their capability to improve drug solubility, bioavailability, and antifungal activity, as well as minimize their toxicity. This review sheds light on diverse classes of antifungal agents alongside their recently formulated nano-based systems that have been formulated to dodge the drawbacks related to the drugs themselves, in addition to overcoming the multiple ocular barriers.