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<p>Ternary NiO/CdO/ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized via a hydrothermal route and systematically evaluated for their structural, morphological, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Structural characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the coexistence of crystalline NiO, CdO, and ZnO phases. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed characteristic metal–oxygen bond vibrations in the 400–600&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup> region. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses indicated well-dispersed nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 10 to 50&#xa0;nm. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties of the nanocomposite were systematically evaluated. The NiO/CdO/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited significantly enhanced antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to pure NiO, with inhibition zones ranging from 5.2 to 7.9&#xa0;mm against various bacterial strains and from 6.8 to 11.8&#xa0;mm against fungal strains. In vitro assays revealed enhanced radical scavenging (88.9%) and anti-inflammatory activity (88.7%) of the nanocomposite, surpassing pure NiO. Cytotoxicity testing against cancer cell lines (MCF-7, KB, and HepG2) demonstrated selective cytotoxicity, with IC₅₀ values of 45.7&#xa0;μg/mL, 35.6&#xa0;μg/mL, and 33.2&#xa0;μg/mL, respectively, while showing minimal toxicity to normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF B) cells. These results suggest that the NiO/CdO/ZnO nanocomposite holds significant potential as an effective candidate for biomedical applications, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer therapies.</p>

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of NiO/CdO/ZnO Nanocomposites with Morphological and Structural Insights

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月2日

查看全文
  • Raja Kaliyaperumal,
  • Karuppiah Nagaraj,
  • Thavan Kasilingam,
  • Tharini Kumaravel,
  • Ramachandran Gokulan,
  • Suraj Rajkumar,
  • Samritha Senthilnathan,
  • Swetha Selvaraj,
  • Sriyasasvi Muddana,
  • Rekha Shree Govindasamy

摘要

Ternary NiO/CdO/ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized via a hydrothermal route and systematically evaluated for their structural, morphological, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Structural characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the coexistence of crystalline NiO, CdO, and ZnO phases. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed characteristic metal–oxygen bond vibrations in the 400–600 cm−1 region. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses indicated well-dispersed nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties of the nanocomposite were systematically evaluated. The NiO/CdO/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited significantly enhanced antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to pure NiO, with inhibition zones ranging from 5.2 to 7.9 mm against various bacterial strains and from 6.8 to 11.8 mm against fungal strains. In vitro assays revealed enhanced radical scavenging (88.9%) and anti-inflammatory activity (88.7%) of the nanocomposite, surpassing pure NiO. Cytotoxicity testing against cancer cell lines (MCF-7, KB, and HepG2) demonstrated selective cytotoxicity, with IC₅₀ values of 45.7 μg/mL, 35.6 μg/mL, and 33.2 μg/mL, respectively, while showing minimal toxicity to normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF B) cells. These results suggest that the NiO/CdO/ZnO nanocomposite holds significant potential as an effective candidate for biomedical applications, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer therapies.