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<p>Nanoparticles are emerging as a potential substitute for antibiotics for combating bacterial infections and addressing the challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This research evaluates the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of zinc oxide (ZnO)-copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) against <i>Escherichia coli</i> infection in poultry. In vitro antibacterial activity of ZnO-CuO NPs at three concentrates (25 + 10&#xa0;µg/ml, 37.5 + 15&#xa0;µg/ml, 50 + 20&#xa0;µg/ml) was compared with routinely used antibiotics (colistin, doxycycline, tetracycline, and streptomycin) in poultry by disc diffusion assay. Further, broth microdilution assay was performed using the ZnO and CuO NPs. For the in vivo study, 12-day-old cobb broiler chicks were segregated into control negative, control positive, colistin treated, and ZnO-CuO-NP at dose rates of 25 + 10&#xa0;mg/kg, 37.5 + 15&#xa0;mg/kg, and 50 + 20&#xa0;mg/kg. All birds excluding negative control were intramuscularly infected with 0.2&#xa0;ml <i>E. coli</i> (10⁷ CFU/ml). After <i>E. coli</i> inoculation, treatments were administered orally for 6&#xa0;days and birds were slaughtered on the 7th and 11th days post-infection. The results of antimicrobial sensitivity testing showed that the lower concentrate of ZnO-CuO NPs exhibited similar antibacterial activity as Colistin-25&#xa0;µg. This antibiotic was selected in the experimental trial as it showed a greater zone of inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO nanoparticles against <i>E. coli</i> was found between 8 and 32&#xa0;µg/ml, while for CuO nanoparticles, it ranged from 4 to 16&#xa0;µg/ml. In vivo study results showed significant improvements in the treatment groups’ live body weight, carcass weight, and feed conversion ratio. Gross pathological examination revealed normal organs in treated groups. Biochemical analysis indicated reduced levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine in treated groups. Histopathological examination showed a significant decrease in congestion and leukocyte infiltration areas in treated groups compared to the control positive group. ZnO-CuO NPs at the rate of 25 + 10&#xa0;mg/kg exhibited similar results to the antibiotic group, suggesting their potential as antibiotic alternatives in combating colibacillosis.</p>

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In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activity of Combined ZnO-CuO Nanoparticles Against Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月19日

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  • Hira Noor,
  • Muhammad Taimoor,
  • Muhammad Tariq Javed,
  • Sidra Yasmin,
  • Amna Asmar,
  • Syed Ali Shah Zaib,
  • Sajjad Hussain

摘要

Nanoparticles are emerging as a potential substitute for antibiotics for combating bacterial infections and addressing the challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This research evaluates the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of zinc oxide (ZnO)-copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) against Escherichia coli infection in poultry. In vitro antibacterial activity of ZnO-CuO NPs at three concentrates (25 + 10 µg/ml, 37.5 + 15 µg/ml, 50 + 20 µg/ml) was compared with routinely used antibiotics (colistin, doxycycline, tetracycline, and streptomycin) in poultry by disc diffusion assay. Further, broth microdilution assay was performed using the ZnO and CuO NPs. For the in vivo study, 12-day-old cobb broiler chicks were segregated into control negative, control positive, colistin treated, and ZnO-CuO-NP at dose rates of 25 + 10 mg/kg, 37.5 + 15 mg/kg, and 50 + 20 mg/kg. All birds excluding negative control were intramuscularly infected with 0.2 ml E. coli (10⁷ CFU/ml). After E. coli inoculation, treatments were administered orally for 6 days and birds were slaughtered on the 7th and 11th days post-infection. The results of antimicrobial sensitivity testing showed that the lower concentrate of ZnO-CuO NPs exhibited similar antibacterial activity as Colistin-25 µg. This antibiotic was selected in the experimental trial as it showed a greater zone of inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO nanoparticles against E. coli was found between 8 and 32 µg/ml, while for CuO nanoparticles, it ranged from 4 to 16 µg/ml. In vivo study results showed significant improvements in the treatment groups’ live body weight, carcass weight, and feed conversion ratio. Gross pathological examination revealed normal organs in treated groups. Biochemical analysis indicated reduced levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine in treated groups. Histopathological examination showed a significant decrease in congestion and leukocyte infiltration areas in treated groups compared to the control positive group. ZnO-CuO NPs at the rate of 25 + 10 mg/kg exhibited similar results to the antibiotic group, suggesting their potential as antibiotic alternatives in combating colibacillosis.