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<p>This study investigated the effects of plasma-activated water (PAW), melatonin (MT), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on <i>Cannabis sativa</i> growth under greenhouse conditions. Significant growth enhancements were observed with combined treatments. Notably, root length exhibited the most dramatic increase, reaching 184% with MT, 10-min PAW, and 5&#xa0;ppm ZnO-NPs. The most effective treatment for shoot growth (MT + 20-min PAW + 10&#xa0;ppm ZnO-NPs) resulted in a 79% increase in shoot length and an 81% increase in shoot dry weight. Physiological improvements included a 32% increase in relative leaf water content with 20-min PAW and a 25% improvement in membrane stability with the same treatment. Total chlorophyll content increased by 44% with MT + 5&#xa0;ppm ZnO-NPs. Furthermore, root organic nitrogen saw a substantial 73% increase with PAW (10&#xa0;min) + MT + 5&#xa0;ppm ZnO-NPs. Secondary metabolite production was also enhanced, with total phenolic compounds increasing by 65% with MT + 20-min PAW. Alkaloid content showed the greatest increase of 86% with 10-min PAW + 10&#xa0;ppm ZnO-NPs. The results suggest that combined treatment of PAW, MT and ZnO-NPs can act synergistically to enhance the production of secondary metabolites in <i>Cannabis sativa</i>, by modulating the plant's physiological and biochemical mechanisms. Based on the results, the application of ZnO-NPs in combination with PAW and MT has significant potential for pharmacological and agricultural applications.</p>

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Changes in Growth and Secondary Metabolite Production in Cannabis Sativa L. in Response to Simultaneous Treatment with Plasma Activated water, Melatonin and Nano-Zinc

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月4日

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  • Hakimeh Oloumi,
  • Fatemeh Nasibi,
  • Zakie Poorsheikhali,
  • Leila Malekpourzadeh

摘要

This study investigated the effects of plasma-activated water (PAW), melatonin (MT), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on Cannabis sativa growth under greenhouse conditions. Significant growth enhancements were observed with combined treatments. Notably, root length exhibited the most dramatic increase, reaching 184% with MT, 10-min PAW, and 5 ppm ZnO-NPs. The most effective treatment for shoot growth (MT + 20-min PAW + 10 ppm ZnO-NPs) resulted in a 79% increase in shoot length and an 81% increase in shoot dry weight. Physiological improvements included a 32% increase in relative leaf water content with 20-min PAW and a 25% improvement in membrane stability with the same treatment. Total chlorophyll content increased by 44% with MT + 5 ppm ZnO-NPs. Furthermore, root organic nitrogen saw a substantial 73% increase with PAW (10 min) + MT + 5 ppm ZnO-NPs. Secondary metabolite production was also enhanced, with total phenolic compounds increasing by 65% with MT + 20-min PAW. Alkaloid content showed the greatest increase of 86% with 10-min PAW + 10 ppm ZnO-NPs. The results suggest that combined treatment of PAW, MT and ZnO-NPs can act synergistically to enhance the production of secondary metabolites in Cannabis sativa, by modulating the plant's physiological and biochemical mechanisms. Based on the results, the application of ZnO-NPs in combination with PAW and MT has significant potential for pharmacological and agricultural applications.