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<p>This study is focused on the fabrication of multi-layer nanofiber mats using poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) through the electrospinning technique for simultaneous delivery of zoledronic acid (ZA) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) to improve tissue engineering applications. The mats comprise of an outer PCL layer containing Ag NPs to impart antimicrobial properties, while the inner layer consists of a PVA nanofiber layer for sustained ZA release. The fabricated nanofibers were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), demonstrating a distinct morphological appearance of PCL and PVA nanofibers. SEM equipped with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the uniform distribution of Ag NPs in the nanofibers. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) confirmed the presence of PCL and PVA characteristic functional groups in all nanofibers and the incorporation of ZA and Ag NPs in the nanofibers. The water contact angle analysis demonstrated the hydrophilicity of the scaffolds due to the presence of PVA nanofibers in the multi-layer mat. The nanofibers provided more than 80% of the sustained drug release over 36&#xa0;h, evaluated by Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The antimicrobial assay against <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> revealed an increase in zone of inhibition (ZOI) with increasing Ag NPs concentration in the nanofibers. Additionally, the MTT assay indicated good viability of MEF cells with 139.8 ± 0.6 and 159.12 ± 1.5% on days 4 and 6 of culture exhibited by ZA-loaded scaffolds. Furthermore, the cell attachment studies confirmed adequate cell adhesion and spreading on the scaffolds with noticeably flat and well-spread morphology.</p>

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Novel Bioactive Multi-layered Nanofibers Composed of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) and Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Loaded with Zoledronic Acid and Silver Nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月13日

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  • Taha Umair Wani,
  • Rumysa Saleem Khan,
  • Anjum Hamid Rather,
  • Muheeb Rafiq,
  • Shafquat Majeed,
  • Haseeb A. Khan,
  • Faheem A. Sheikh

摘要

This study is focused on the fabrication of multi-layer nanofiber mats using poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) through the electrospinning technique for simultaneous delivery of zoledronic acid (ZA) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) to improve tissue engineering applications. The mats comprise of an outer PCL layer containing Ag NPs to impart antimicrobial properties, while the inner layer consists of a PVA nanofiber layer for sustained ZA release. The fabricated nanofibers were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), demonstrating a distinct morphological appearance of PCL and PVA nanofibers. SEM equipped with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the uniform distribution of Ag NPs in the nanofibers. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) confirmed the presence of PCL and PVA characteristic functional groups in all nanofibers and the incorporation of ZA and Ag NPs in the nanofibers. The water contact angle analysis demonstrated the hydrophilicity of the scaffolds due to the presence of PVA nanofibers in the multi-layer mat. The nanofibers provided more than 80% of the sustained drug release over 36 h, evaluated by Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The antimicrobial assay against E. coli and S. aureus revealed an increase in zone of inhibition (ZOI) with increasing Ag NPs concentration in the nanofibers. Additionally, the MTT assay indicated good viability of MEF cells with 139.8 ± 0.6 and 159.12 ± 1.5% on days 4 and 6 of culture exhibited by ZA-loaded scaffolds. Furthermore, the cell attachment studies confirmed adequate cell adhesion and spreading on the scaffolds with noticeably flat and well-spread morphology.