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<p>The main achievement of the research was successfully synthesizing a hydrophobic, antibacterial amorphous silica nanoparticle (SNP) from natural white sand as an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach. We first used the white sand to produce a sodium silicate solution, which we then used as a precursor to synthesize nano-silica via a sol–gel process. The sol–gel process performed well when the white sand was ground for 12 h and immersed in 2 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> for 24 h before mixing with 10 M NaOH solution at 100 °C for 3 h under vigorous stirring. We employed many analytical techniques, including FTIR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, and BET analysis, to characterize the produced nano-powder and determine its structure and particle size. The microstructural profile of the synthesized nano-silica revealed a particle size of approximately 66 nm inside the nanometer range. In addition, it was found that SNPs have a high specific surface area of 51.92 m<sup>2</sup>/g, a total pore volume of 0.059 cm<sup>3</sup>/g, and an average pore diameter in the mesoporous range of 4.57&#xa0;nm. The contact angle measurement showed that adding more nano-silica made the silica matrix more water-repellent. The contact angle gradually increased from 78 to 143 by increasing the nano-silica content from 0 to 7%. The nano-silica showed a low enough minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.195 µg/mL to effectively kill both <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>S. lentus</i>. We used radiation technology to improve the antimicrobial properties of silica nanoparticles by irradiating them with different doses of gamma rays (25, 50, and 100 kGy) and studying the antimicrobial efficiency of the material after irradiation. Interestingly, a nano-silica nanocomposite exposed to 100.0 kGy of radiation showed a promising MIC value of 0.024 µg/mL against <i>S. aureus</i>.</p>

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Gamma-Irradiation of Silica Nanoparticles from White Sand and Their Application as a Hydrophobic Antibacterial Material

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月25日

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  • Mahmoud A. Mosleh,
  • Gharieb S. El-Sayyad,
  • Mohamed A. Gobara,
  • Yasmeen A. Hasanien,
  • Elham H. El-Hakim,
  • Emad H. Borai

摘要

The main achievement of the research was successfully synthesizing a hydrophobic, antibacterial amorphous silica nanoparticle (SNP) from natural white sand as an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach. We first used the white sand to produce a sodium silicate solution, which we then used as a precursor to synthesize nano-silica via a sol–gel process. The sol–gel process performed well when the white sand was ground for 12 h and immersed in 2 M H2SO4 for 24 h before mixing with 10 M NaOH solution at 100 °C for 3 h under vigorous stirring. We employed many analytical techniques, including FTIR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, and BET analysis, to characterize the produced nano-powder and determine its structure and particle size. The microstructural profile of the synthesized nano-silica revealed a particle size of approximately 66 nm inside the nanometer range. In addition, it was found that SNPs have a high specific surface area of 51.92 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.059 cm3/g, and an average pore diameter in the mesoporous range of 4.57 nm. The contact angle measurement showed that adding more nano-silica made the silica matrix more water-repellent. The contact angle gradually increased from 78 to 143 by increasing the nano-silica content from 0 to 7%. The nano-silica showed a low enough minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.195 µg/mL to effectively kill both S. aureus and S. lentus. We used radiation technology to improve the antimicrobial properties of silica nanoparticles by irradiating them with different doses of gamma rays (25, 50, and 100 kGy) and studying the antimicrobial efficiency of the material after irradiation. Interestingly, a nano-silica nanocomposite exposed to 100.0 kGy of radiation showed a promising MIC value of 0.024 µg/mL against S. aureus.