Elucidating the Role of Transferosomes as a Promising Platform for Management of Various Types of Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review

Arthritis is a common worldwide medical condition characterized by joint inflammation, which can be either acute or chronic. It is frequently linked with discomfort and physical breakdown. Arthritis can be categorized into many forms such as rheumatoid, osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis, irrespective of its type, shares common characteristics like monocyte infiltration, inflammation, synovial membrane edema, joint stiffness, and articular cartilage deterioration. Untreated chronic arthritis can lead to disability as a result of cartilage and bone deterioration in the joints. It can result in a diminished quality of life due to increased oxidative stress, along with several cardiovascular and other issues. Conventional pharmaceuticals face several formulation issues, such as limited solubility and permeability, inadequate bioavailability, degradation caused by gastrointestinal enzymes, interactions with food, and toxicity. In order to address these difficulties, scientists have shifted their focus to the utilization of vesicular nanocarriers called transferosomes which possess excellent elasticity and flexibility. This review article highlights about the pathophysiology that underlies the development of three forms of arthritis: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and gouty arthritis. This review paper also examines the risk factors and pharmaceutical interventions for different types of arthritis. This review article discusses the utilization of transferosomes in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and gouty arthritis.