Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) by Using Plant Extract and Their Biological Application: A Review

Plant extracts have been used in the green production of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which avoids the use of dangerous chemicals and is both economically and environmentally viable. There is a discussion of different plant sources, extraction methods, and phytochemicals that are involved in the stabilization and reduction processes. The article presents characterization approaches, such as FTIR, XRD, TEM, and UV–visible spectroscopy, to comprehend the distinct characteristics of green-synthesized AuNPs. These nanoparticles’ unique qualities, namely, increased biocompatibility and catalytic activity, provide new opportunities for environmental remediation, drug delivery, and diagnostics. Difficulties are emphasized, such as batch-to-batch variability, as well as future possibilities for scaling up and investigating additional plant sources for synthesis. This review study thoroughly investigates the processes, workings, and characteristics and uses of AuNPs produced using this environmentally benign technology.