Bactericidal Activity and Biofilm Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Liposome-Encapsulated Piperacillin/Tazobactam

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic gram-negative bacillus, has become an important cause of a wide range of diseases. It is thought that antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation can increase Pseudomonas aeruginosa infectivity and limit the control of related infections. Therefore, the development of antibacterial components with specific formulations is subject to area. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of liposomal forms of Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Piperacillin sodium compared to the free form of the drug to overcome the antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. So, the efficacy of free and encapsulated antibiotics was examined against bacterial isolates in clinical samples. Using different concentrations of antibiotics, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC), and motility inhibition were determined in bacterial isolates. Based on the data, prepared lecithin nanoliposomes had a mean particle size and PDI of 94.49 nm and 0.267 nm with zeta potential values of − 26.7 mV. Data confirmed entrapment efficiency (EE) of 98.58% and 59% for Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Piperacillin, respectively. These features coincided with enhanced anti-bacterial properties of encapsulated Piperacillin sodium compared to free form. Along with these changes, values such as the MICs, MBEC, and motility inhibition dose were less in groups that received encapsulated Piperacillin sodium as compared to free antibiotic form. In contrast, we found that liposomal encapsulation of Piperacillin/Tazobactam led to less bactericidal/bacteriostatic properties related to free antibiotic form. These data demonstrate that certain nano-encapsulated antibiotics can exert antibacterial properties against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.