Biocompatible Nanofibers Infused with Almond Oil: Molecular Enhancement of HDF-1 Cell Proliferation Using Polyurethane-Polycaprolactone Nanofibers

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine need biocompatible and functional scaffolds that promote cell survival and tissue regeneration. Blending polyurethane (PU) and polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers with bioactive ingredients such as almond oil may provide beneficial qualities. This work seeks to manufacture and describe PU-PCL nanofibers infused with almond oil at different concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) to evaluate their suitability as scaffolding materials. Electrospinning methods were used to fabricate nanofibers with a uniform 1:1 ratio of PU and PCL, integrating almond oil at designated percentages. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy verified the presence of polyurethane (PU), polycaprolactone (PCL), and almond oil in the nanofibers. The ATR-FTIR spectra clearly revealed absorption bands corresponding to the molecular structures of polyurethane (PU), polycaprolactone (PCL), and almond oil. The survivability of human dermal fibroblast (HDF-1) cells was evaluated over 72 h using MTT assays, demonstrating increased cell viability in nanofiber groups with 1%, 3%, and 5% almond oil relative to control groups. The 3% almond oil group exhibited a significant increase in cell survival, indicating enhanced biocompatibility. Statistical analysis, conducted using unpaired t-tests and one-way ANOVA, indicated that PU-PCL-almond oil nanofibers have notable biocompatibility and may function as useful scaffolding materials for tissue engineering.