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Abstract <p>Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the world’s second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, showing a steady rise in cases, especially in developed nations. Despite advances in neuroimaging&#xa0;technology, conventional diagnostic devices such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET) scans do not provide efficient methods for PD diagnosis. Global research efforts have identified the misfolded aggregation of α-synuclein to play a prominent role in PD development and progression. Under environmental stress, its monomeric form aggregates to a misfolded oligomer which further aggregates to fibrils. These fibrils disrupt neuron function and contribute to PD pathogenesis. The prion-like proliferation of these fibrils causes gradual development of PD in patients. This has provided an opportunity for different nano-biosensor technology to detect aggregated α-synuclein. While there are many kinds of nano-biosensors, the development of electrochemical immunosensors and aptasensors has been the most prominent. Electrochemical biosensors induce an electrochemical interaction with the target molecule (analyte) with the help of a biorecognition element, nucleic acid in the case of aptamers, and antibodies in the case of immunosensors, to detect and quantify the target in a sample. This is so as aptasensors and immunosensors are economical, reliable, and provide highly specific and sensitive results. Future development of biosensors concerning PD detection will likely favor the use of electrochemical immunosensors and aptasensors for these reasons. This paper explores&#xa0;the recent developments in α-synuclein nanomaterial-based electrochemical immunosensors and aptasensors, and how they can be enhanced to meet future needs.</p> Highlights <p>• Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease that results due to misfolding of α-synuclein.</p> <p>• Biosensor technology would lead to an earlier diagnosis of misfolded α-synuclein than traditional methods such as MRI, CT, or PET.</p> <p>• Electrochemical aptasensors and immunosensors show the most potential as PD diagnostic tools considering their adaptability and economic viability.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Unveiling the Cutting Edge: Recent Developments in α-Synuclein Nano-biosensor Technology for Precision Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月7日

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  • Romi Shreshtha,
  • Aditya Mulukutla,
  • Vishal Kumar Deb,
  • Nidhi Chauhan,
  • Utkarsh Jain

摘要

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the world’s second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, showing a steady rise in cases, especially in developed nations. Despite advances in neuroimaging technology, conventional diagnostic devices such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET) scans do not provide efficient methods for PD diagnosis. Global research efforts have identified the misfolded aggregation of α-synuclein to play a prominent role in PD development and progression. Under environmental stress, its monomeric form aggregates to a misfolded oligomer which further aggregates to fibrils. These fibrils disrupt neuron function and contribute to PD pathogenesis. The prion-like proliferation of these fibrils causes gradual development of PD in patients. This has provided an opportunity for different nano-biosensor technology to detect aggregated α-synuclein. While there are many kinds of nano-biosensors, the development of electrochemical immunosensors and aptasensors has been the most prominent. Electrochemical biosensors induce an electrochemical interaction with the target molecule (analyte) with the help of a biorecognition element, nucleic acid in the case of aptamers, and antibodies in the case of immunosensors, to detect and quantify the target in a sample. This is so as aptasensors and immunosensors are economical, reliable, and provide highly specific and sensitive results. Future development of biosensors concerning PD detection will likely favor the use of electrochemical immunosensors and aptasensors for these reasons. This paper explores the recent developments in α-synuclein nanomaterial-based electrochemical immunosensors and aptasensors, and how they can be enhanced to meet future needs.

Highlights

• Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease that results due to misfolding of α-synuclein.

• Biosensor technology would lead to an earlier diagnosis of misfolded α-synuclein than traditional methods such as MRI, CT, or PET.

• Electrochemical aptasensors and immunosensors show the most potential as PD diagnostic tools considering their adaptability and economic viability.

Graphical Abstract