Dose-Dependent Effects of Cobalt Nanoparticles on Antioxidant Systems, Hematological Parameters, and Organ Morphology in Albino Mice

The present study was aimed to understand the dose-dependent effects of cobalt carbonate nanoparticles (CoCO₃ NPs), impacts on the antioxidant systems, hematological parameters, and organ morphology of albino mice. Furthermore, impacts on liver and kidney function and influence on lipid profiles and antioxidant enzyme activities were assessed in albino mice. The experiments were conducted using two groups of two different doses of CoCO₃ NPs in a low dose (50 µl of 1 mg/ml) and high dose (100 µl of 1 mg/ml) compared with the control group. Parameters evaluated included the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD); hematological parameters; and histopathological examination of liver and kidney tissues. The nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Data showed that the activities of CAT and SOD, which are representative of adaptive responses toward oxidative stress, are enhanced in a dose–response manner in the presence of CoCO₃ NPs. However, POD activity decreased, indicating that there might be some inhibitory effects at higher dosages. Hematological analysis showed a significant alteration in monocyte count and platelet count with an increase in nanoparticle concentration. On the other hand, histopathological examination is indicative of damage to the liver and kidney at higher doses. Finally, the study has demonstrated that exposure to CoCO₃ NPs exerts complex effects in albino mice, characterized by increases in some antioxidant defenses, organ damage, and alterations in hematological parameters.