Gelatin/ CMC /HAP Nanocomposites Based on Double Micro-emulsion for Delivery of 5-FU: Synthesis and Chemical–Physical Characterization

In this study, G/CMC/HAP-based nanocomposite hydrogel is synthesized as a nanocarrier for the targeted delivery of 5-FU by double emulsion (W/O) method in order to improve absorption and enhance the drug’s effectiveness in suppressing breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The stability and preservation of 5-FU are improved by the addition of HAP nanoparticles, which boosts the pH-sensitive and span 80 content in the nanocarrier. The formation of the G/CMC/HAP nanocomposite containing 5-FU is confirmed by molecular and crystal structure, surface morphology, and physicochemical properties analysis using FTIR, XRD, FESEM, DLS, and Zeta potential. Zeta potential and DLS analysis indicate good stability of nanocarriers and a favorable particle size distribution of nanocomposites, with a medium size of 218 nm, appropriate for pharmaceutical applications. In comparison to previous studies, the current study’s drug loading and entrapment efficiencies have greatly risen. The MTT assay is employed to assess cytotoxicity levels, while the flow cytometry analysis is used to appraise apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Finally, according to the study’s findings, due to its biocompatibility and pH-responsiveness, the nanocarrier created utilizing the double emulsion approach is a very promising candidate for the controlled release of 5-FU for the therapy of breast cancer.