Degradation of Malachite Green (MG) Dye from Aqueous Solutions by Using Iron Nanoparticles (FeNPs)

Iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) speak to promising specialists for ecological remediation. We synthesized iron nanoparticles by using Terminalia bellirica (TB) fruit extract to degrade malachite green (MG), an organic dye. We observed the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with a UV–visible spectrophotometer and found FeNPs to be nonplasmonic. The Terminalia bellirica fruit extract includes -OH groups in the nanoparticle synthesis response, as demonstrated by FTIR spectroscopy. We used high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) to confirm the spherical shape of iron nanoparticles, measuring approximately 25–60 nm. XRD results give an amorphous nature (α-Fe) to nanoparticles. An increase in temperature led to the growth of Fe₂O₃ NPs in the synthesized FeNPs. Zeta potential was used to characterize the soundness of synthesized FeNPs. It breaks down the most at a pH of 6.0 and a temperature of 80 °C, with Fe³⁺ and TB fruit extract adding up to 92% and 91.6%, respectively. The dye concentration for this process is 50 mg/L.