Antiviral and Antibacterial Potential of the Phycogenic Silver and Copper Nanoparticles Produced by Spirulina platensis Against Adeno (Adv-7) Virus and Some Pathogenic Bacteria

Biological nanoparticles can fight drug-resistant viruses and bacteria as therapeutic antiviral and antibacterial agents, assisting in the development of antiviral and antibacterial drugs. The blue-green algae Spirulina platensis was used in a previous study, mediated by Ag-NPs and CuO-NPs. In the present study, both kinds of nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated against Adeno virus7 (AdV-7) which has been indicated by its reduction activity of cytopathic effect (CPE). Using Vero cells, cytotoxicity was assessed and quantified using the MTT assay. Results showed a 90% reduction in CPE of Ad-7 applying Ag -NPs and CuO -NPs at 2.44 \(\mu \) $\mu$ g/mL, with a higher reduction rate (45.7%) with Ag-NPs than that of CuO-NPs (37.1%). The results demonstrated the efficacy of green nanotechnology applications utilizing both Ag-NPs and CuO-NPs as reducing and inhibitory agents for AdV -7 replication. Moreover, Ag-NPs and CuO-NPs are found to have effective antibacterial properties, they exhibited significant inhibitory activity against certain Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. When compared to the control, Ag-NPs were more effective than CuO-NPs, which had high significant MIC results against, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, and Salmonella typhi ATCC 12023 (31.25 \(\mu \) $\mu$ g/ml), while Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6598 (15.62 \(\mu \) $\mu$ g/ml). Current results proved the efficiency of green nanotechnology application with both Ag-NPs and CuO-NPs, as reducing and inhibitory agents for the Ad-7 replication and antibacterial activities.