Recent Advances and Challenges in Cancer Treatment with Car T Cell Therapy: A Novel Anti-cancer Strategy

Over the past decade, there has been continuous advancement in immunotherapy to improve human health. A promising technique that has emerged is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, which presents an innovative approach to treating cancer. While CAR-T technology has shown success in treating blood cancers, it encounters challenges in addressing solid tumors. These challenges encompass the absence of dependable tumor-associated antigens, tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive tumor environments, and reduced T cell infiltration. To address these challenges, current research is focused on identifying dependable tumor-associated antigens and creating cost-effective, tumor microenvironment-specific CAR-T cells. These efforts aim to enhance the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors. This review provides an overview of the development of CAR-T therapy for different types of tumors, encompassing both solid and hematological tumors. It outlines the challenges encountered in CAR-T cell therapy and proposes Approaches to address these obstacles.