Mathematical Modeling of Thermophysical Processes in a Thermoelectric Device for Cooling the Brain

This work explores the mathematical modeling of thermophysical processes within a thermoelectric device (TED) designed for brain cooling. The pressing need to mitigate cerebral hyperthermia, a condition triggered by factors such as strenuous physical activity, elevated ambient temperatures, and various pathological conditions, underscores the significance of this research. The focus of this study is a specialized design—a cooling helmet encompassing the scalp, frontal, and temporal regions. This helmet interfaces with the head through a block of thermoelectric modules (TEM) to facilitate cooling. The mathematical model developed for this research addresses three critical components (i) temperature field calculation, (ii) TEM parameter optimization, and (iii) heat dissipation system. The outcomes of this mathematical modeling endeavor yield temperature profiles at key control points within the TED, depicted in spatial and temporal coordinates, contingent upon the supplied TEM power. Furthermore, the study uncovers essential energy parameters for the thermomodules, encompassing their particular types sourced from the standard TEM selections offered by “Cryoterm” LLC, the manufacturer. Notably, the theoretical investigation into TEDs for brain cooling unveils a pragmatic remedy. The integration of two typical DRIFT-0.8 TEMs from the specified manufacturer within the TED design demonstrates the capacity to reduce brain temperature to 291 K. The characteristics of these TEMs display variation within predefined thresholds, with power outputs spanning from 20 to 80 W, an average temperature difference of 50 K across junctions, supply currents ranging from 3 to 11 A, and power consumption levels ranging from 100 to 500 W. These attributes are complemented by coefficient of performance values ranging from 0.1 to 0.5. This research not only sheds light on the feasibility of employing thermoelectric devices for brain cooling but also lays the foundation for addressing cerebral hyperthermia and advancing neuroprotection applications across various clinical and non-clinical contexts.