An optimized BPF-based cascaded droop control of indirect matrix converter under unbalanced voltage condition

Efficient power distribution system management is crucial in today's electrical engineering domain due to the increasing electricity demand. Unbalanced voltage conditions pose a significant challenge, leading to reduced power factor and increased harmonic distortion, especially in grid-connected systems. Matrix converters, such as Indirect Matrix Converters (IMCs), offer a solution for power conversion with advantages like better controllability and improved power factor regulation. However, addressing these challenges requires advanced control techniques. This paper presents an optimized approach for controlling IMCs under unbalanced voltage conditions. The primary objectives include achieving Unity Power Factor (UPF), improving transient response, enhancing system stability, providing efficient control actions, and comparing the proposed method with existing techniques. The proposed methodology employs Band-Pass Filter (BPF)-based droop control to regulate IMC, ensuring a balanced energy transfer and power factor close to unity. It combines cascaded control with self-adaptive tuning, incorporating Tilted Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative with filter (FOPID²N²-FOPD) control to adjust output currents based on BPF feedback. This approach significantly reduces harmonic distortion, improves efficiency, and enhances system performance. Additionally, the paper introduces optimal parameter tuning using the Enhanced Coati Optimization Algorithm (ECOA) to ensure precise control system responses under unbalanced voltage conditions. The algorithm mimics Coatis' intelligent behaviours in both the exploration and exploitation phases, enabling robust parameter optimization. The output from the control system feeds the Common-Base Pulse Width Modulation (CBPWM) for generating gating pulses in the IMC. The evaluation results, based on simulations conducted in MATLAB/Simulink, show that the proposed model achieves a rise time of 0.030 s, a settling time of 0.190 s, a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 1.30%, and exhibits no overshoot.