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<p>This study employed electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to systematically analyze the microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel during cold deformation. The experiment adopted a stepwise deformation protocol, preparing specimens at four tensile deformation gradients: 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%, with a focus on analyzing the regulatory mechanisms of deformation on microstructure-property relationships. The research results show that the grain size continuously decreases with the increase in deformation. The grain size decreases from 14.41&#xa0;μm in the original state to 9.42&#xa0;μm of 80% deformation, and this grain fragmentation is attributed to plastic deformation and phase transformation. The dislocation density peaked at 1.228 × 10<sup>16</sup>&#xa0;m<sup>−2</sup> at 60% deformation, followed by a slight decrease due to extensive activation of martensitic phase transformation. At strain of 80%, the martensitic content significantly increased to 47.1% from 12.3% at strain of 60% and become the dominant plastic deformation and strengthening mechanism. Meanwhile, the microhardness continually reached a peak of 401.34HV at strain of 80%.</p>

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Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Behavior During the Cold Deformation of 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Yajie Li,
  • Yuting Qi,
  • Baifeng Luan

摘要

This study employed electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to systematically analyze the microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel during cold deformation. The experiment adopted a stepwise deformation protocol, preparing specimens at four tensile deformation gradients: 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%, with a focus on analyzing the regulatory mechanisms of deformation on microstructure-property relationships. The research results show that the grain size continuously decreases with the increase in deformation. The grain size decreases from 14.41 μm in the original state to 9.42 μm of 80% deformation, and this grain fragmentation is attributed to plastic deformation and phase transformation. The dislocation density peaked at 1.228 × 1016 m−2 at 60% deformation, followed by a slight decrease due to extensive activation of martensitic phase transformation. At strain of 80%, the martensitic content significantly increased to 47.1% from 12.3% at strain of 60% and become the dominant plastic deformation and strengthening mechanism. Meanwhile, the microhardness continually reached a peak of 401.34HV at strain of 80%.