Exploring TiC and Graphite Reinforced Aluminum Hybrid Nanocomposites: Microstructural and Wear Properties for Automotive Applications

This research underscores the potential of these nanocomposites for improving the durability and performance of materials in demanding operational environments. Aluminum hybrid metal matrix composites with particulate reinforcements are gaining prominence in automotive applications due to their exceptional properties. This study aims to synthesize Al8075 aluminum alloy reinforced with TiC and graphite, serving as a solid lubricant, in weight percentages of 2%, 4%, and 6% using the ultrasonic assisted stir casting technique. This study systematically examines microstructure, and mechanical behavior of hybrid nanocomposites, under ASTM standards. Tribological testing was performed using a unidirectional pin-on-disc setup, with sliding speeds ranging from 1 to 3 m/s and applied loads varying between 10 and 40 N, across sliding distances of 500–2000 m. The results reveal a significant enhancement in hardness with the addition of TiC and graphite reinforcements. However, the wear rate starts to level off beyond a reinforcement concentration of 6 wt%TiC. The analysis of the worn surfaces indicates a marked reduction in both the coefficient of friction and wear rate as the reinforcement content increases, particularly at higher sliding velocities. SEM imaging of the worn pin surfaces further provides valuable insights into the wear mechanisms at play. The findings highlight that the incorporation of TiC and graphite particles into the Al matrix notably improves both wear resistance and friction performance, making the hybrid nanocomposites well-suited for high-speed, high-load sliding wear applications, particularly in the automotive industry.