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<p>The paper deals with the investigation of the formability of the AA-6061 sheet under different deformation modes. First, a Nakazima test was performed on set of specimens and the strain was captured from initial to the last stage of deformation using digital image correlation. As the strain evolves rapidly after localized necking, the accurate estimation of the necking point becomes extremely difficult. Various necking criteria were applied to find the onset of necking under different deformation modes. Further, forming limit diagrams were constructed using various necking criteria. This work shows highest formability under biaxial mode and least under plane strain mode irrespective of the necking criteria employed. Apart from estimating the forming limit of the sheets, micromechanical test simulations using visco-plastic self-consistent simulations with experimental inputs were also carried out. The correlation between formability, microstructural changes and underlying microscopic deformation mechanisms are hence elucidated in this work.</p>

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Mechanistic Understanding of Forming Limits Using Experiments and Crystal Plasticity Simulations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月17日

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  • Darsh Sharda,
  • K. U. Yazar,
  • Ashish Kumar Saxena,
  • Asmit Kesarwani,
  • Sushil Kumar Mishra,
  • Vivek Kumar Barnwal

摘要

The paper deals with the investigation of the formability of the AA-6061 sheet under different deformation modes. First, a Nakazima test was performed on set of specimens and the strain was captured from initial to the last stage of deformation using digital image correlation. As the strain evolves rapidly after localized necking, the accurate estimation of the necking point becomes extremely difficult. Various necking criteria were applied to find the onset of necking under different deformation modes. Further, forming limit diagrams were constructed using various necking criteria. This work shows highest formability under biaxial mode and least under plane strain mode irrespective of the necking criteria employed. Apart from estimating the forming limit of the sheets, micromechanical test simulations using visco-plastic self-consistent simulations with experimental inputs were also carried out. The correlation between formability, microstructural changes and underlying microscopic deformation mechanisms are hence elucidated in this work.