<p>Water pollution including in particular contamination by radioactive elements such as uranium is considered one of the more dangerous and toxic elements. Unfortunately, the extensive environmental contamination by uranium has been generated through anthropogenic activities like nuclear fuel production, nuclear weapons, mining, and milling. Therefore, the elimination of such radioactive contaminants from wastewater is necessary to safeguard human health and the environment. There are several treatments such as ion exchange, chemical precipitation bioadsorption, and membrane separation. However, the biosorption technique provides an effective and inexpensive method to eliminate uranium from wastewater. These methods are commonly used for purification because of their strong points such as high selectivity, fast kinetics, simplicity, and easy operations. This review summarizes the removal of uranium (VI) from contaminated wastewater depending on different types of adsorbent materials, methods, and adsorption mechanisms. The uranium removal tendency of various biosorbents varies based on their corresponding pH levels and ionic charges. The review focuses on determining the entire process for the removal of contaminated radioactive elements from water.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>