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<p>Submerged arc welding (SAW) is extensively employed in the pressure vessel industry because of its high quality and automation capabilities. To achieve high melting efficiency and superior mechanical properties based on welding parameters, optimization is vital. In this study, the effects of SAW parameters on the physical and mechanical properties of ASTM-A-240 (304L stainless steel) and ASTM-A-240 (304H stainless steel) via different kind of heat treatment processes were examined. Half of the samples (3 samples for each parameter, total 18) underwent to conventional heat treatment (annealing, quenching and tempering), and the other half (3 samples for each parameter, total 18) were subjected to shallow heat treatment (SHT) at − 80&#xa0;°C and were compared in terms of hardness and toughness. Welding was conducted at three different currents (600&#xa0;A, 700&#xa0;A and 800&#xa0;A) and travel speeds (5, 11 and 14&#xa0;mm/s) on sample plates measuring 900&#xa0;mm × 110&#xa0;mm × 15&#xa0;mm. The weld quality and properties were evaluated through weld geometry measurements, visual inspection, hardness testing and Charpy impact testing. Charpy specimens/samples were prepared according to ASTM E-23. Welding utilized a direct current electrode positive (DCEP) setup with a constant current. The results show that welding current and speed significantly influence impact energy, especially in the weld metal (WM), although hardness values did not vary significantly. Charpy impact tests indicated that the parent metal (PM) of both steels exhibited the lowest toughness, whereas the WM displayed the highest toughness for a given weld. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) showed intermediate toughness. Higher travel speed positively impacts HAZ and WM toughness. Increasing welding speed and current enhance toughness. It has also been observed that the shallow heat treatment affects the toughness and hardness positively. After SHT, it has been observed that impact toughness is increased approximately 4% and hardness is increased approximately 3% compared to conventional heat treatment.</p>

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Influence of Submerged Arc Welding Parameters on 304L/H Steels Undergoing Shallow Heat Treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月24日

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  • Zafer Özdemir

摘要

Submerged arc welding (SAW) is extensively employed in the pressure vessel industry because of its high quality and automation capabilities. To achieve high melting efficiency and superior mechanical properties based on welding parameters, optimization is vital. In this study, the effects of SAW parameters on the physical and mechanical properties of ASTM-A-240 (304L stainless steel) and ASTM-A-240 (304H stainless steel) via different kind of heat treatment processes were examined. Half of the samples (3 samples for each parameter, total 18) underwent to conventional heat treatment (annealing, quenching and tempering), and the other half (3 samples for each parameter, total 18) were subjected to shallow heat treatment (SHT) at − 80 °C and were compared in terms of hardness and toughness. Welding was conducted at three different currents (600 A, 700 A and 800 A) and travel speeds (5, 11 and 14 mm/s) on sample plates measuring 900 mm × 110 mm × 15 mm. The weld quality and properties were evaluated through weld geometry measurements, visual inspection, hardness testing and Charpy impact testing. Charpy specimens/samples were prepared according to ASTM E-23. Welding utilized a direct current electrode positive (DCEP) setup with a constant current. The results show that welding current and speed significantly influence impact energy, especially in the weld metal (WM), although hardness values did not vary significantly. Charpy impact tests indicated that the parent metal (PM) of both steels exhibited the lowest toughness, whereas the WM displayed the highest toughness for a given weld. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) showed intermediate toughness. Higher travel speed positively impacts HAZ and WM toughness. Increasing welding speed and current enhance toughness. It has also been observed that the shallow heat treatment affects the toughness and hardness positively. After SHT, it has been observed that impact toughness is increased approximately 4% and hardness is increased approximately 3% compared to conventional heat treatment.