Nanocomposites of Magnesium Metal Matrices with Potential Medicinal Uses: A Review

There is growing interest in biomedical applications of magnesium (Mg) and its nanocomposites due to their superior biodegradability, stiffness, and lower elastic modulus than other implant materials. However, the quick deterioration of magnesium alloys results in a rapid decline in mechanical properties, restricting their clinical application. Recent advancements, particularly in the integration of nanoparticle reinforcement, have enhanced mechanical strength while preserving the inherent toughness. These composites also show impressive corrosion resistance and compatibility with biological systems. However, uniformly dispersing nanoparticles as reinforcements within the Mg matrix and achieving the desired properties present significant challenges. Consequently, selecting appropriate magnesium nanocomposite production methods and identifying biodegradable, biocompatible, and osteogenic reinforcements are of utmost importance to overcome these obstacles and enhance mechanical, corrosion, and cytotoxic properties relevant to specific applications becomes imperative. This review investigates a range of fabrication techniques and types of reinforcement, analysing their impact on the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility of magnesium nanocomposites. Additionally, it investigates potential applications and proposes future research avenues for magnesium nanocomposites.