Investigating Failure in Laser-Welded Joints of Microalloyed Steel: A Systematic Review

Laser welding is the widely used method in steel industries to join hot-rolled coils and repair mold steel, railway axles, and automotive pressure sensors. Failures in these welds can result in substantial operational setbacks in continuous roll mills, causing a decline in productivity. Therefore, aerospace, defense, and automotive industries emphasize joint strength. This study utilized a systematic review methodology that involved the use of the keywords "laser welding" and "microalloyed steel." The review encompassed a structural literature survey, bibliometric analysis, and text mapping. The study examined parameters such as heat input, preheating, post-heating, filler metal, shielding gas, and initial microstructure to enhance the weld properties. Selection of an appropriate preheating temperature, post-heating, optimized heat input, type of laser welding, shielding gas, and initial microstructure can improve joint mechanical properties. This review offers guidance and serves as a roadmap for researchers to identify critical parameters, preventing laser welding failures in diverse grades of microalloyed steel.