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<p>Ankara Clay is characterized by overconsolidated, highly swelling, active, medium to high plastic and stiff consistency properties. Despite a wide array of research about the Ankara Clay available, a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the soil properties, especially in terms of consolidation conditions through depth, is limited in the literature. In this context, a large data set of 5,500 borehole samples was collected across the Ankara Basin, and the variations of 20 different soil parameters from the surface up to 25–30&#xa0;m in-depth were statistically determined. The correlations between soil parameters were investigated, and the predictive equations were developed for the preconsolidation pressure (<i>P</i><sub><i>c</i></sub>), compression index (<i>c</i><sub><i>c</i></sub>), swelling index (<i>c</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>), and volumetric compression coefficient (<i>m</i><sub><i>v</i></sub>). Investigations also revealed that the normally/lightly overconsolidated (NC-LOC) and moderately/highly overconsolidated (MOC-HOC) samples were frequently observed in specific strata based on depth. Accordingly, a detailed examination was carried out to investigate the influence of consolidation on the variability of the soil parameters. T-tests were performed between NC-LOC/MOC-HOC samples, and a significant difference (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in the mean values of 6 distinct soil parameters, particularly in the undrained shear strength (<i>C</i><sub><i>u</i></sub>) parameter, was identified. Correspondingly, four novel equations were proposed to predict the <i>C</i><sub><i>u</i></sub> under normally-consolidated and overconsolidated conditions. Furthermore, the accuracy of <i>C</i><sub><i>u</i></sub> predictions was validated using two alternative datasets. The results demonstrated that considering the consolidation condition as a criterion notably improved (%35–40) the <i>C</i><sub><i>u</i></sub> predictions.</p>

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Depth-dependent engineering geological and geotechnical characterization of ankara clay: a study on the effect of consolidation on soil variability

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Gökhan Şahi̇n,
  • Mustafa Kerem Koçkar

摘要

Ankara Clay is characterized by overconsolidated, highly swelling, active, medium to high plastic and stiff consistency properties. Despite a wide array of research about the Ankara Clay available, a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the soil properties, especially in terms of consolidation conditions through depth, is limited in the literature. In this context, a large data set of 5,500 borehole samples was collected across the Ankara Basin, and the variations of 20 different soil parameters from the surface up to 25–30 m in-depth were statistically determined. The correlations between soil parameters were investigated, and the predictive equations were developed for the preconsolidation pressure (Pc), compression index (cc), swelling index (cs), and volumetric compression coefficient (mv). Investigations also revealed that the normally/lightly overconsolidated (NC-LOC) and moderately/highly overconsolidated (MOC-HOC) samples were frequently observed in specific strata based on depth. Accordingly, a detailed examination was carried out to investigate the influence of consolidation on the variability of the soil parameters. T-tests were performed between NC-LOC/MOC-HOC samples, and a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the mean values of 6 distinct soil parameters, particularly in the undrained shear strength (Cu) parameter, was identified. Correspondingly, four novel equations were proposed to predict the Cu under normally-consolidated and overconsolidated conditions. Furthermore, the accuracy of Cu predictions was validated using two alternative datasets. The results demonstrated that considering the consolidation condition as a criterion notably improved (%35–40) the Cu predictions.