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<p>This study evaluates optimal water allocation within the Subak Bali irrigation system in the Petanu River Basin, focusing on return flow dynamics known locally as “<i>natak tiyis</i>.” The objective was to enhance water availability for downstream irrigation while ensuring system sustainability under increasing water scarcity. A synthetic rainfall-runoff model was employed to derive dependable discharge (Q80), and net field water requirements were calculated for irrigation area behind each weir, considering both the existing cropping pattern and a shift in planting start periods. Eight allocation scenarios were simulated using DSS-RIBASIM (Decision Support System - River Basin Simulation Model), varying return flow percentages incrementally. Optimal performance was assessed using a multi-criteria framework based on reliable water supply (Q80), water availability gain, irrigation equity, and system sustainability. Results indicate that the eighth scenario, with a 31.7% return flow, achieved the highest performance, increasing water availability by <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:0.18{m}^{3}/s\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and expanding irrigable areas downstream. This improvement supports agricultural resilience without requiring structural modifications, demonstrating that optimizing traditional water reuse mechanisms can serve as a sustainable, nature-based solution in UNESCO-recognized cultural landscapes. The findings underscore the value of integrating indigenous knowledge with hydrological modelling for climate-resilient water governance.</p>

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A Nature-Based water management strategy for strengthening bali’s Subak cultural landscape

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Mawiti Infantri Yekti,
  • De Dwi Saptarahadi,
  • I Putu Gustave Suryantara Pariartha,
  • Bart Schultz,
  • Wil van der Krogt,
  • Tri Hayatining Pamungkas,
  • I Gusti Ngurah Hesa Respati Haditama,
  • Ida Bagus Gede Indrayana,
  • Luh Ayu Putri Wedayanti Pulasari

摘要

This study evaluates optimal water allocation within the Subak Bali irrigation system in the Petanu River Basin, focusing on return flow dynamics known locally as “natak tiyis.” The objective was to enhance water availability for downstream irrigation while ensuring system sustainability under increasing water scarcity. A synthetic rainfall-runoff model was employed to derive dependable discharge (Q80), and net field water requirements were calculated for irrigation area behind each weir, considering both the existing cropping pattern and a shift in planting start periods. Eight allocation scenarios were simulated using DSS-RIBASIM (Decision Support System - River Basin Simulation Model), varying return flow percentages incrementally. Optimal performance was assessed using a multi-criteria framework based on reliable water supply (Q80), water availability gain, irrigation equity, and system sustainability. Results indicate that the eighth scenario, with a 31.7% return flow, achieved the highest performance, increasing water availability by \(\:0.18{m}^{3}/s\) and expanding irrigable areas downstream. This improvement supports agricultural resilience without requiring structural modifications, demonstrating that optimizing traditional water reuse mechanisms can serve as a sustainable, nature-based solution in UNESCO-recognized cultural landscapes. The findings underscore the value of integrating indigenous knowledge with hydrological modelling for climate-resilient water governance.