<p>Oil pollution can modify the compression characteristics of soil, impacting its bearing capacity and stability. In addition, oil pollutants can spread to the surrounding environment through soil pores and groundwater systems, causing extensive environmental pollution. Simultaneously, it elevates the likelihood of fire and other accidents, posing a risk to the safe production of oil. This article aims to explore the compression characteristics and resistivity response of oil contaminated soil. It conducts uniaxial compression tests on oil contaminated soil under varying oil contents (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%) and moisture contents (5%, 10%, 15%), monitors the changes in resistivity simultaneously. The results indicate that the compressive strength of the soil decreases with increasing moisture content in oil contaminated soils. The compressive strength exhibits a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing with higher oil content, reaching its peak value when the oil content is 3%. During uniaxial compression, the soil resistivity generally decreases at first and then stabilizes as strain increases. Before the uniaxial compression test, soil resistivity decreases with increasing moisture content, but the variation differs under different oil content conditions. When the moisture content is 5%, the resistivity generally increases with rising oil content. However, when the moisture content reaches 15%, the dominant conductive mechanism shifts from oil-controlled to water-controlled, leading to a decrease in resistivity with increasing oil content. After the uniaxial compression test, soil resistivity is primarily influenced by moisture content. The resistivity gradually decreases as moisture content increases and shows little sensitivity to oil content. By monitoring changes in soil electrical resistivity, the impact of oil pollution on the foundation of structures and the surrounding environment can be predicted in a timely manner, providing a basis for preventive maintenance.</p>