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<p>Contamination of surface and underground waters is an important environmental implication of agrochemical use. Biochar is prominent in mitigating toxicants in soils. Still, there is a dearth of information on mitigating potentials of biochar from <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> (TD) biomass on glyphosate residues and nutrient leaching in calcareous soils. The trial was a factorial combination of two glyphosate formulations with a.i. isopropylamine salts 340 and 480&#xa0;g l<sup>− 1</sup> tagged Gly1 and Gly2, respectively, and three TD biochar types produced from sole TD, TD + poultry manure (PM), and TD + PM + bone meal (BM) tagged B1, B2 and B3 respectively. Each glyphosate was applied at the manufacturer’s recommended rate of 6&#xa0;L ha<sup>− 1</sup> (equivalent to 0.90&#xa0;µl glyphosate column<sup>− 1</sup>) and each biochar at 5 t ha<sup>− 1</sup> (equivalent to 0.75&#xa0;g column<sup>− 1</sup>). Electrical conductivity, pH, NO<sub>3</sub>-N, NH<sub>4</sub>-N, PO<sub>4</sub>, glyphosate, and metabolite residues were determined in leachates collected. Sole glyphosate treated soil leached the highest (23.32&#xa0;mg kg<sup>− 1</sup>) NH<sub>4</sub>-N and glyphosate residue (0.90&#xa0;µg l<sup>− 1</sup>) and had the least (2.47%) soil organic matter (SOM). Soil pretreatment with B1, B2, and B3, respectively, reduced NH<sub>4</sub>-N leached by 76.4, 68.5 and 67.9%, glyphosate residue by 88.9, 52.2 and 87.8% and enhanced SOM by 46.6, 39.3 and 26.7%. Correlation analysis indicated H/C and O/C as important tithonia biochar properties for reducing NO<sub>3</sub>-N, PO<sub>4,</sub> and glyphosate residues leaching. Biochar from <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> biomass, therefore, provides a mitigating option for macronutrient and glyphosate residue leaching in agrochemical-treated calcareous soil.</p>

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Tithonia diversifolia biochar (Tithochar) reduced glyphosate residue and nutrient leaching

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Yetunde Bunmi Oyeyiola,
  • Peter Akintoye Babajide,
  • Samuel Adelani Babarinde,
  • Olayinka Samuel Olabode,
  • Mbappe Tanga,
  • Francis Bayo Lewu,
  • Oluwaseun Oyekola,
  • Beatrice Olutoyin Opeolu

摘要

Contamination of surface and underground waters is an important environmental implication of agrochemical use. Biochar is prominent in mitigating toxicants in soils. Still, there is a dearth of information on mitigating potentials of biochar from Tithonia diversifolia (TD) biomass on glyphosate residues and nutrient leaching in calcareous soils. The trial was a factorial combination of two glyphosate formulations with a.i. isopropylamine salts 340 and 480 g l− 1 tagged Gly1 and Gly2, respectively, and three TD biochar types produced from sole TD, TD + poultry manure (PM), and TD + PM + bone meal (BM) tagged B1, B2 and B3 respectively. Each glyphosate was applied at the manufacturer’s recommended rate of 6 L ha− 1 (equivalent to 0.90 µl glyphosate column− 1) and each biochar at 5 t ha− 1 (equivalent to 0.75 g column− 1). Electrical conductivity, pH, NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4, glyphosate, and metabolite residues were determined in leachates collected. Sole glyphosate treated soil leached the highest (23.32 mg kg− 1) NH4-N and glyphosate residue (0.90 µg l− 1) and had the least (2.47%) soil organic matter (SOM). Soil pretreatment with B1, B2, and B3, respectively, reduced NH4-N leached by 76.4, 68.5 and 67.9%, glyphosate residue by 88.9, 52.2 and 87.8% and enhanced SOM by 46.6, 39.3 and 26.7%. Correlation analysis indicated H/C and O/C as important tithonia biochar properties for reducing NO3-N, PO4, and glyphosate residues leaching. Biochar from Tithonia diversifolia biomass, therefore, provides a mitigating option for macronutrient and glyphosate residue leaching in agrochemical-treated calcareous soil.