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<p>In the era of climate change, sustainable groundwater management has become increasingly critical, as climate-driven changes in precipitation patterns affect groundwater recharge and availability, emphasizing the need for effective regulation. The Total Groundwater Quantity Management (TGQM) framework aims to ensure sustainable groundwater extraction by comparing actual usage with development potential within designated groundwater management units (GMUs). GMUs are defined based on hydrogeological characteristics, groundwater–surface water interactions, and geographic boundaries. A regression tree model was used to estimate groundwater recharge rates, utilizing water level data from 3,886 observation wells and groundwater usage data from 7,693 wells. Based on this, a framework was developed to assess over-extraction by evaluating the ratio of groundwater usage to development potential for each GMU. When applied to 609 GMUs in Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea, the TGQM framework found that 18.4% of GMUs exceeded 60% of their development potential, with 4.3% surpassing 100%. Analysis of groundwater usage relative to level changes showed that groundwater levels declined when usage exceeded 60%, and all GMUs exhibited declining trends when usage surpassed 80%. Management thresholds were set at 60%, 80%, and 100%, marking caution, warning, and critical stages, respectively. This system of groundwater management, based on the usage-to-development potential ratio, can guide governmental interventions and promote scientifically informed groundwater policies for sustainable resource use.</p>

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Total groundwater quantity management framework for sustainable use: small watershed and AI-based approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月20日

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  • Gyoo-Bum Kim,
  • Chan-Ik Hwang,
  • Jihye Kim,
  • Hyeon-Jeong Shin

摘要

In the era of climate change, sustainable groundwater management has become increasingly critical, as climate-driven changes in precipitation patterns affect groundwater recharge and availability, emphasizing the need for effective regulation. The Total Groundwater Quantity Management (TGQM) framework aims to ensure sustainable groundwater extraction by comparing actual usage with development potential within designated groundwater management units (GMUs). GMUs are defined based on hydrogeological characteristics, groundwater–surface water interactions, and geographic boundaries. A regression tree model was used to estimate groundwater recharge rates, utilizing water level data from 3,886 observation wells and groundwater usage data from 7,693 wells. Based on this, a framework was developed to assess over-extraction by evaluating the ratio of groundwater usage to development potential for each GMU. When applied to 609 GMUs in Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea, the TGQM framework found that 18.4% of GMUs exceeded 60% of their development potential, with 4.3% surpassing 100%. Analysis of groundwater usage relative to level changes showed that groundwater levels declined when usage exceeded 60%, and all GMUs exhibited declining trends when usage surpassed 80%. Management thresholds were set at 60%, 80%, and 100%, marking caution, warning, and critical stages, respectively. This system of groundwater management, based on the usage-to-development potential ratio, can guide governmental interventions and promote scientifically informed groundwater policies for sustainable resource use.