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<p>Accurate estimation of aquifer transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity is crucial for groundwater resource management in an alluvial system. Comparative evaluation of analytical, empirical, geophysical, and water balance approaches on twelve production wells in the Hashtgerd Plain aquifer, Iran, is carried out in this research. Analytical solutions (Hantush–Bierschenk, Cooper–Jacob, Eden–Hazel, Neuman), empirical specific capacity procedures (Razack–Huntley, Srivastav), borehole and geophysical log interpretation, and groundwater balance calculation were employed in 24–72&#xa0;h pumping tests at discharge rates of 15–23&#xa0;L/s. Transmissivity values varied from 36 to 1567&#xa0;m²/day, averaging 433.7&#xa0;m²/day (Hantush–Bierschenk), 92.1 (Cooper–Jacob), 108.9 (Eden–Hazel), 105.4 (Neuman), and 608.6 (Analytical). Specific capacity methods provided intermediate results, and well-log and water balance methods overestimated than analytical solutions. Statistically comparing using RMSE and R² placed Neuman nearest to Hantush–Bierschenk, and Cooper–Jacob and Analytical farthest away. Spatial analysis revealed that transmissivity is highest in central and northeastern regions of the area covered by coarse Quaternary deposits, and lowest in the south plain with fine-grained sediments. These results demonstrate that there is no universal technique available but that the Hantush–Bierschenk approach is the most dependable for heterogeneous semi-confined aquifers. The multi-method, integrated strategy adopted here enables robust aquifer parameterization, improved well-siting, and a basis for sustainable groundwater development within alluvial basins.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Comparative assessment of hydraulic conductivity estimation techniques in alluvial aquifers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月1日

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  • Sasan Habibi,
  • Elham Fijani,
  • Mohammad Haghiri

摘要

Accurate estimation of aquifer transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity is crucial for groundwater resource management in an alluvial system. Comparative evaluation of analytical, empirical, geophysical, and water balance approaches on twelve production wells in the Hashtgerd Plain aquifer, Iran, is carried out in this research. Analytical solutions (Hantush–Bierschenk, Cooper–Jacob, Eden–Hazel, Neuman), empirical specific capacity procedures (Razack–Huntley, Srivastav), borehole and geophysical log interpretation, and groundwater balance calculation were employed in 24–72 h pumping tests at discharge rates of 15–23 L/s. Transmissivity values varied from 36 to 1567 m²/day, averaging 433.7 m²/day (Hantush–Bierschenk), 92.1 (Cooper–Jacob), 108.9 (Eden–Hazel), 105.4 (Neuman), and 608.6 (Analytical). Specific capacity methods provided intermediate results, and well-log and water balance methods overestimated than analytical solutions. Statistically comparing using RMSE and R² placed Neuman nearest to Hantush–Bierschenk, and Cooper–Jacob and Analytical farthest away. Spatial analysis revealed that transmissivity is highest in central and northeastern regions of the area covered by coarse Quaternary deposits, and lowest in the south plain with fine-grained sediments. These results demonstrate that there is no universal technique available but that the Hantush–Bierschenk approach is the most dependable for heterogeneous semi-confined aquifers. The multi-method, integrated strategy adopted here enables robust aquifer parameterization, improved well-siting, and a basis for sustainable groundwater development within alluvial basins.

Graphical abstract