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<p>The typical alluvial-pluvial fans in the Hebei Plain serve as crucial water supply sources for the region and its surrounding cities. Elucidating hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality in this area is essential for ensuring water safety and ecological security. In this study, a total of 1103 groundwater samples in shallow granular (SGA), deep granular (DGA), and fissure aquifers (FA) were collected. Entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI) method was used to evaluate the groundwater quality. Besides, factors affecting groundwater chemistry and quality across aquifers were discussed by using principal components analysis (PCA). The results showed that groundwater chemistry in the SGA, DGA, and FA was dominated by HCO<sub>3</sub>-Ca·Mg, HCO<sub>3</sub>-Na·Ca, and HCO<sub>3</sub>·SO<sub>4</sub>-Ca facies, respectively. The EWQI results indicated that groundwater with poor and extremely poor quality accounted for 2.5% in the SGA and 6.8% in the FA, respectively, and was mainly concentrated in the agricultural land and construction land of the SGA and FA, whereas it was not observed in the DGA. Groundwater chemistry and quality across aquifers were mainly controlled by two factors according to the PCA. In the SGA, factor 1 was a combination of anthropogenic activities and mineral dissolution. Factor 2 was the natural water-rock interaction. In the DGA, factor 1 was mixed contamination caused by excessive groundwater extraction and deep mineral dissolution. Factor 2 was deep water-rock interactions and evaporite dissolution. In the FA, factor 1 was the coupled influence of anthropogenic activities with carbonate rock dissolution and cation exchange. Factor 2 was the dissolution of specific minerals or redox processes. Therefore, limit groundwater extraction and strengthen the supervision of domestic sewage and nitrogen/potassium fertilizers application in agricultural activities to reduce the impact of anthropogenic activities on groundwater chemistry and quality. The results contribute to a better understanding of groundwater chemistry processes and provide a scientific basis for regional water resource management.</p>

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Hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality in typical alluvial-pluvial fans of the Hebei plain based on high-density sampling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月1日

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  • Chunxiao Wang,
  • Ruinan Liu,
  • Dongya Han,
  • Qinxuan Hou,
  • Zhichao Li

摘要

The typical alluvial-pluvial fans in the Hebei Plain serve as crucial water supply sources for the region and its surrounding cities. Elucidating hydrogeochemical characteristics and groundwater quality in this area is essential for ensuring water safety and ecological security. In this study, a total of 1103 groundwater samples in shallow granular (SGA), deep granular (DGA), and fissure aquifers (FA) were collected. Entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI) method was used to evaluate the groundwater quality. Besides, factors affecting groundwater chemistry and quality across aquifers were discussed by using principal components analysis (PCA). The results showed that groundwater chemistry in the SGA, DGA, and FA was dominated by HCO3-Ca·Mg, HCO3-Na·Ca, and HCO3·SO4-Ca facies, respectively. The EWQI results indicated that groundwater with poor and extremely poor quality accounted for 2.5% in the SGA and 6.8% in the FA, respectively, and was mainly concentrated in the agricultural land and construction land of the SGA and FA, whereas it was not observed in the DGA. Groundwater chemistry and quality across aquifers were mainly controlled by two factors according to the PCA. In the SGA, factor 1 was a combination of anthropogenic activities and mineral dissolution. Factor 2 was the natural water-rock interaction. In the DGA, factor 1 was mixed contamination caused by excessive groundwater extraction and deep mineral dissolution. Factor 2 was deep water-rock interactions and evaporite dissolution. In the FA, factor 1 was the coupled influence of anthropogenic activities with carbonate rock dissolution and cation exchange. Factor 2 was the dissolution of specific minerals or redox processes. Therefore, limit groundwater extraction and strengthen the supervision of domestic sewage and nitrogen/potassium fertilizers application in agricultural activities to reduce the impact of anthropogenic activities on groundwater chemistry and quality. The results contribute to a better understanding of groundwater chemistry processes and provide a scientific basis for regional water resource management.