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<p>Groundwater quality evaluation is crucial in arid and semiarid zones to ensure sustainable water management. It depends on understanding the spatial and hydrochemical characteristics of aquifers. This study assessed 157 well samples across Tonk district, Rajasthan, focusing on their suitability for agriculture and drinking. Physicochemical characteristics and chemical indices such as EC, SAR, RSC, Na%, KR, and MAR were analyzed to determine irrigation fitness. The Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) classified water into restriction categories: 28% of wells exhibited high to severe limitations, 54% showed moderate restrictions, and 18% indicated low to no restrictions, guiding agricultural suitability in the region. For drinking water assessment, indices including the Groundwater Pollution Index (PIG), Water Quality Index (WQI), and Nitrogen Pollution Index (NPI) were employed. PIG results suggest general groundwater potability, excluding specific degraded pockets. WQI data revealed 71% of samples as suitable for drinking, 28% as poor, and 1% as very poor. NPI analysis indicated 70% of samples had negligible nitrate levels, while 18% were moderately polluted, and 12% were significantly contaminated, rendering them unsuitable for consumption. The study aligns with Sustainable Development Goals, SDG6 (availability of clean water) and SDG2 (sustainable agriculture methods), underscoring the need for targeted groundwater treatment and protection from geogenic and anthropogenic threats. Promoting sustainable agricultural practices is recommended to ensure long-term groundwater resilience and public health protection.</p>

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Evaluation of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes using Multi-parametric indexing and Geospatial approach: Tonk District, Rajasthan, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • Vivek Deep,
  • Ronak Jain,
  • Abhilasha Singh,
  • Monika Yadav

摘要

Groundwater quality evaluation is crucial in arid and semiarid zones to ensure sustainable water management. It depends on understanding the spatial and hydrochemical characteristics of aquifers. This study assessed 157 well samples across Tonk district, Rajasthan, focusing on their suitability for agriculture and drinking. Physicochemical characteristics and chemical indices such as EC, SAR, RSC, Na%, KR, and MAR were analyzed to determine irrigation fitness. The Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) classified water into restriction categories: 28% of wells exhibited high to severe limitations, 54% showed moderate restrictions, and 18% indicated low to no restrictions, guiding agricultural suitability in the region. For drinking water assessment, indices including the Groundwater Pollution Index (PIG), Water Quality Index (WQI), and Nitrogen Pollution Index (NPI) were employed. PIG results suggest general groundwater potability, excluding specific degraded pockets. WQI data revealed 71% of samples as suitable for drinking, 28% as poor, and 1% as very poor. NPI analysis indicated 70% of samples had negligible nitrate levels, while 18% were moderately polluted, and 12% were significantly contaminated, rendering them unsuitable for consumption. The study aligns with Sustainable Development Goals, SDG6 (availability of clean water) and SDG2 (sustainable agriculture methods), underscoring the need for targeted groundwater treatment and protection from geogenic and anthropogenic threats. Promoting sustainable agricultural practices is recommended to ensure long-term groundwater resilience and public health protection.