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<p>Estimating potential aquifer recharge is vital for water resource management in Brazil, where groundwater is a key source for drinking water and irrigation. This study aims to evaluate the potential aquifer recharge of unconfined aquifers by utilizing a GIS-based distributed water balance model in the Metropolitan Region of Natal. The methodology was developed using water balance parameters, including surface runoff, actual evapotranspiration, and percolation, which were calculated using Thornthwaite and Mather’s method. The analysis of annual rainfall revealed significant spatial variability, with higher precipitation noted near the coastline, particularly in the city of Natal, and a marked decline toward the interior. A similar trend was observed for water surplus, with the highest values situated along the coast, and gradually decreasing toward the western regions, where water surplus was minimal. The results indicate substantial spatial variations in potential recharge across the region. In the eastern area, recharge exceeds 600&#xa0;mm/year, accounting for approximately 30% of total precipitation. This high recharge is primarily attributed to the substantial rainfall and the sandy soils in coastal dune systems. In the central areas, potential recharge drops to 16% of precipitation, while in the western part of the region, specific areas show little to no recharge potential. These findings can aid in optimizing water resource allocation, enhancing conservation strategies, and supporting sustainable groundwater management in regions with differing recharge capacities.</p>

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Spatial Estimation of potential aquifer recharge: a simple and robust approach for tropical regions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月24日

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  • Marcio Costa Abreu,
  • Ricardo Hirata,
  • Mateus Delatim Simonato,
  • Leila Goodarzi,
  • Bruno Conicelli

摘要

Estimating potential aquifer recharge is vital for water resource management in Brazil, where groundwater is a key source for drinking water and irrigation. This study aims to evaluate the potential aquifer recharge of unconfined aquifers by utilizing a GIS-based distributed water balance model in the Metropolitan Region of Natal. The methodology was developed using water balance parameters, including surface runoff, actual evapotranspiration, and percolation, which were calculated using Thornthwaite and Mather’s method. The analysis of annual rainfall revealed significant spatial variability, with higher precipitation noted near the coastline, particularly in the city of Natal, and a marked decline toward the interior. A similar trend was observed for water surplus, with the highest values situated along the coast, and gradually decreasing toward the western regions, where water surplus was minimal. The results indicate substantial spatial variations in potential recharge across the region. In the eastern area, recharge exceeds 600 mm/year, accounting for approximately 30% of total precipitation. This high recharge is primarily attributed to the substantial rainfall and the sandy soils in coastal dune systems. In the central areas, potential recharge drops to 16% of precipitation, while in the western part of the region, specific areas show little to no recharge potential. These findings can aid in optimizing water resource allocation, enhancing conservation strategies, and supporting sustainable groundwater management in regions with differing recharge capacities.