<p>Deep surrounding rock and coal are subjected to high gravity stress and mining disturbance load. To investigate the failure behaviors and crack evolution of high-stress energy storage coal under dynamic disturbance, the combined dynamic and static loading tests of coal were carried out based on a high-speed camera test system and a dynamic and static combination loading system. The dynamic mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of coal under combined dynamic and static loads were analyzed, and the crack evolution, energy evolution and burst proneness were discussed. The results indicate the coal samples with different static loads show similar deformation and failure patterns, and there exists a stress adjustment stage during the plastic deformation phase. The deformation characteristics of coal samples under different static loads are similar. The failure mode is mainly axial splitting without axial static load, and the failure mode is multiple fracturing with axial static load. The fractal dimension of crack evolution distributes from 1.01 to 1.71, and increases with the increasing static load. The incident energy distributes from 65.91 to 89.41&#xa0;J, and increases first and then decreases with the increasing static load. The absorbed energy shows an S-shaped increase accompanied by local adjustment, and it can be divided into the initial stabilization stage, rapid increase stage, local adjustment stage, slow increase stage and post-stabilization stage. The absorbed energy increases with the increasing axial static load. The energy release rate (<i>R</i>_<i>E</i>) ranges from 879.12 to 2147.24&#xa0;MJ•m⁻³•s⁻¹. With the increasing axial static load, the <i>R</i>_<i>E</i> increases first, then remains stable and increases to maximum. The burst proneness increases with the increasing axial static load, and decreases with low axial static load than without axial static load. The research findings can further reveal the dynamic instability mechanism of deep coal and rock.</p>