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<p>Artificial recharge and rainwater harvesting are considered as major interventions in countering the declining groundwater resource in India. The estimation made by Government of India in 2023 indicated that 14.3% of the geographical area of the country is marked with groundwater extraction precariously close or even more than the annual recharge. The government has adopted number of large schemes on harvesting overland runoff and roof water, as well as direct groundwater recharge. Besides, significant local-scale intervention are made by various government and private agencies through corporate social responsibility funding. Check dams and tanks are the two most commonly adopted structures for harvesting rainfall, while recharging aquifers through borewells and shafts are increasingly adopted. Research reveals that up to 80% of the non-monsoon groundwater extraction within 500&#xa0;m from a water harvesting tank can be contributed by recharge. In case of check dam the component of recharge can be 53% of the gross impounded water. This paper reviews the impact created by different type of structure in various aquifer typologies and climate conditions, in improving the groundwater resources and enhancing the quality. The paper discusses the different tool of assessing the impact and recommends options for better strategy to counter the expanding groundwater overexploitation more effectively.</p>

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How impactful are the artificial recharge and RWH intervention to improve groundwater in India- a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月25日

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  • Dipankar Saha,
  • Pritam Paritosh Paul

摘要

Artificial recharge and rainwater harvesting are considered as major interventions in countering the declining groundwater resource in India. The estimation made by Government of India in 2023 indicated that 14.3% of the geographical area of the country is marked with groundwater extraction precariously close or even more than the annual recharge. The government has adopted number of large schemes on harvesting overland runoff and roof water, as well as direct groundwater recharge. Besides, significant local-scale intervention are made by various government and private agencies through corporate social responsibility funding. Check dams and tanks are the two most commonly adopted structures for harvesting rainfall, while recharging aquifers through borewells and shafts are increasingly adopted. Research reveals that up to 80% of the non-monsoon groundwater extraction within 500 m from a water harvesting tank can be contributed by recharge. In case of check dam the component of recharge can be 53% of the gross impounded water. This paper reviews the impact created by different type of structure in various aquifer typologies and climate conditions, in improving the groundwater resources and enhancing the quality. The paper discusses the different tool of assessing the impact and recommends options for better strategy to counter the expanding groundwater overexploitation more effectively.