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<p>Lake Mboli, located in Dizangué, Cameroon, is an integral freshwater resource that supports local biodiversity, agriculture, and community livelihoods. Despite its importance, there is a lack of information on its geochemical characteristics and the composition of the sediments that accumulate there. This research provides an analysis of the water and sediment quality of Lake Mboli to understand its current state and potential environmental risks. Through fieldwork carried out in February 2020 at the start of the rainy season, we assessed physicochemical parameters and trace metal concentrations in the lake's water column and sediments using field sampling and laboratory analysis. The results indicate that the lake's waters are acidic to slightly acidic (4.34 ≤ pH ≤ 6.84), low electrical conductivity (66,750 ≤ EC ≤ 79.02 µS/cm), indicating low mineralization, a slight variation in temperature with an average of 31.03 ± 0.84&#xa0;°C and an overall oxidizing dissolved oxygen concentration ranging from 3,720 to 6,480&#xa0;mg/l. Significant ions (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> &gt; NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> &gt; Ca<sup>2+</sup>  &gt; Mg<sup>2+</sup>  &gt; Na<sup>+</sup>  &gt; SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> &gt; Cl<sup>−</sup> &gt; K<sup>+</sup>), which helped delineate water typology (Ca–Mg–Cl facies) and minor ions, as well as trace metals (Fe, Al, Cu, Mn, and Cd) were found in varying concentrations at different depths of the water column, with significant implications for aquatic life due to some levels exceeding USEPA guidelines. Multivariate analysis confirms that lake mineralization is dominated by mineral dissolution of cations and anions, while the presence of trace metals is regulated by acidity and geochemical or anthropogenic inputs. Irrigation water quality indices showed that the water is suitable for crop irrigation, except for a few levels in the water column. Geochemical indices (CF, Igeo, PLI) reveal significant contamination of Lake Mboli sediments, with chromium (Cr) showing moderate levels of contamination, indicating an anthropogenic influence, while other metals such as Pb, Zn, Ni, Co and Cd remain at lower levels.</p>

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Vertical distribution of physicochemical parameters in the water column of Lake Mboli, a natural shallow lake in Cameroon (Central-Africa): implications for water quality and ecosystem management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月18日

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  • Abara A Biabak Indrick,
  • Quanrong Wang,
  • Tchakam Kamtchueng Brice,
  • Noa Tang Sylvie Désirée,
  • Akoumou Marthe Louise,
  • Mohamed Hussein Yousif,
  • Joël Kouamé Paterne

摘要

Lake Mboli, located in Dizangué, Cameroon, is an integral freshwater resource that supports local biodiversity, agriculture, and community livelihoods. Despite its importance, there is a lack of information on its geochemical characteristics and the composition of the sediments that accumulate there. This research provides an analysis of the water and sediment quality of Lake Mboli to understand its current state and potential environmental risks. Through fieldwork carried out in February 2020 at the start of the rainy season, we assessed physicochemical parameters and trace metal concentrations in the lake's water column and sediments using field sampling and laboratory analysis. The results indicate that the lake's waters are acidic to slightly acidic (4.34 ≤ pH ≤ 6.84), low electrical conductivity (66,750 ≤ EC ≤ 79.02 µS/cm), indicating low mineralization, a slight variation in temperature with an average of 31.03 ± 0.84 °C and an overall oxidizing dissolved oxygen concentration ranging from 3,720 to 6,480 mg/l. Significant ions (HCO3− > NO3− > Ca2+  > Mg2+  > Na+  > SO42− > Cl− > K+), which helped delineate water typology (Ca–Mg–Cl facies) and minor ions, as well as trace metals (Fe, Al, Cu, Mn, and Cd) were found in varying concentrations at different depths of the water column, with significant implications for aquatic life due to some levels exceeding USEPA guidelines. Multivariate analysis confirms that lake mineralization is dominated by mineral dissolution of cations and anions, while the presence of trace metals is regulated by acidity and geochemical or anthropogenic inputs. Irrigation water quality indices showed that the water is suitable for crop irrigation, except for a few levels in the water column. Geochemical indices (CF, Igeo, PLI) reveal significant contamination of Lake Mboli sediments, with chromium (Cr) showing moderate levels of contamination, indicating an anthropogenic influence, while other metals such as Pb, Zn, Ni, Co and Cd remain at lower levels.