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<p>Groundwater serves as a crucial water resource, playing an essential role in meeting domestic needs, supporting agricultural irrigation, and fulfilling industrial requirements. This investigation aimed to assess groundwater irrigation quality during pre-monsoon (PRM) and post-monsoon (POM) seasons (March 30 and November 15, 2021) in Pennagaram and Palacode Taluks of Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu. Totally 158 groundwater samples were collected and analysed for physicochemical properties and evaluated drinking and irrigation suitability using Water Quality Index (WQI) mapping through Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Results revealed that pH (100% in both seasons), electrical conductivity (EC) (45.56% PRM &amp; 41.77% POM), and total dissolved solids (TDS) (49.36% PRM &amp; 67.08% POM) of samples met WHO (<CitationRef CitationID="CR87">2017</CitationRef>) and BIS (<CitationRef CitationID="CR14">2012</CitationRef>) drinking water standards. Irrigation parameters including sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) (100% in both seasons), soluble sodium percentage (SSP) (92.38% PRM &amp; 97.45% POM), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) (100% in both seasons), permeability index (PI) (5.06% PRM &amp; 1.26% POM), and Kelly's index (KI) (86.07% PRM &amp; 93.67% POM) indicated groundwater suitability for irrigation. However, magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) (65.82% PRM &amp; 50.63% POM), potential salinity (PS) (100% in both seasons), and corrosivity ratio (CR) (83.54% PRM &amp; 87.34% POM) suggested unsuitability, though CR values support irrigation with PVC pipe modifications for water transport. Positive Chloro-alkaline indices (CAI - I &amp; II) confirmed direct ion exchange during both seasons, with dominant hydrochemical facies being Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Mg<sup>2+</sup>-Cl<sup>-</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>-</sup> types. The Drinking Water Quality Index classified samples as excellent (19% PRM &amp; 10% POM), good (61% PRM &amp; 72% POM), poor (18% PRM &amp; 16% POM), very poor (0% PRM &amp; 1% POM), and unsuitable for drinking (2% PRM &amp; 1% POM). The Irrigation Water Quality Index categorized samples as excellent (82.27% PRM &amp; 75.94% POM), good (11.39% PRM &amp; 21.51% POM), and poor (6.32% PRM &amp; 2.53% POM) for agricultural use. This comprehensive research establishes a valuable geological database through DWQI and IWQI spatial surveys, supporting sustainable groundwater management planning in the Pennagaram and Palacode Taluks of Dharmapuri district.</p>

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Seasonal hydrogeochemical insights of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigational purposes in Pennagaram and Palacode Taluk, Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月11日

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  • Selvaganapathi Rajendran,
  • Vasudevan Sivaprakasam,
  • Baranidharan Sathyanarayanan,
  • Sathiyamoorthy Gunasekaran,
  • Sivaranjan Periyasami,
  • Vigneshwar Jeyasingh

摘要

Groundwater serves as a crucial water resource, playing an essential role in meeting domestic needs, supporting agricultural irrigation, and fulfilling industrial requirements. This investigation aimed to assess groundwater irrigation quality during pre-monsoon (PRM) and post-monsoon (POM) seasons (March 30 and November 15, 2021) in Pennagaram and Palacode Taluks of Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu. Totally 158 groundwater samples were collected and analysed for physicochemical properties and evaluated drinking and irrigation suitability using Water Quality Index (WQI) mapping through Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Results revealed that pH (100% in both seasons), electrical conductivity (EC) (45.56% PRM & 41.77% POM), and total dissolved solids (TDS) (49.36% PRM & 67.08% POM) of samples met WHO (2017) and BIS (2012) drinking water standards. Irrigation parameters including sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) (100% in both seasons), soluble sodium percentage (SSP) (92.38% PRM & 97.45% POM), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) (100% in both seasons), permeability index (PI) (5.06% PRM & 1.26% POM), and Kelly's index (KI) (86.07% PRM & 93.67% POM) indicated groundwater suitability for irrigation. However, magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) (65.82% PRM & 50.63% POM), potential salinity (PS) (100% in both seasons), and corrosivity ratio (CR) (83.54% PRM & 87.34% POM) suggested unsuitability, though CR values support irrigation with PVC pipe modifications for water transport. Positive Chloro-alkaline indices (CAI - I & II) confirmed direct ion exchange during both seasons, with dominant hydrochemical facies being Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl- and Na+-Cl- types. The Drinking Water Quality Index classified samples as excellent (19% PRM & 10% POM), good (61% PRM & 72% POM), poor (18% PRM & 16% POM), very poor (0% PRM & 1% POM), and unsuitable for drinking (2% PRM & 1% POM). The Irrigation Water Quality Index categorized samples as excellent (82.27% PRM & 75.94% POM), good (11.39% PRM & 21.51% POM), and poor (6.32% PRM & 2.53% POM) for agricultural use. This comprehensive research establishes a valuable geological database through DWQI and IWQI spatial surveys, supporting sustainable groundwater management planning in the Pennagaram and Palacode Taluks of Dharmapuri district.