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<p>Effective soil water management is crucial for agricultural productivity and efficient water use. Evapotranspiration (ET) estimation is essential for hydrologic modeling that simulates soil moisture dynamics. The FAO Penman–Monteith (FAO-PM) model is widely used for reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimation but relies on multiple climatic inputs, which are often unavailable in data-scarce regions. This study examines eight different ETo models to simulate soil water dynamics in the low-lying paddy fields of eastern India. Using the HYDRUS-1D model and a non-weighing type paddy lysimeter, the actual ET was estimated. The results revealed that while all ETo models exhibited similar trends in simulating soil moisture content (SMC), their accuracy varied significantly. The models namely&#xa0;Blaney-Criddle, Hargreaves-Samani, Ivanov, Dalton, and Penman deviated considerably from the observed SMC values. However, FAO-PM, Priestley-Taylor, and Irmak models closely aligned with observed values. The FAO-PM model showed the highest accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.617, NSE = 0.652, p &lt; 0.000) with the lowest RMSE and MAE. Priestley-Taylor (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.593, NSE = 0.578) and Irmak (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.574, NSE = 0.549) also performed well with significant p-values. The Irmak and Priestly-Taylor models can account for 94% of the variability in predicting SMC, compared to the FAO-PM model. This study highlights that Priestley-Taylor and Irmak models, which require fewer input variables, can reliably estimate ETo and soil moisture in data-scarce regions. These models provide practical solutions for water management in eastern India, ensuring efficient irrigation planning and sustainable agricultural practices.</p>

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Evaluating evapotranspiration models for simulation of soil water dynamics in data-scarce paddy growing areas of Eastern India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月24日

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  • Partha Pratim Adhikary,
  • Sheelabhadra Mohanty,
  • Sachin Kanta Rautaray,
  • Arjamadutta Sarangi

摘要

Effective soil water management is crucial for agricultural productivity and efficient water use. Evapotranspiration (ET) estimation is essential for hydrologic modeling that simulates soil moisture dynamics. The FAO Penman–Monteith (FAO-PM) model is widely used for reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimation but relies on multiple climatic inputs, which are often unavailable in data-scarce regions. This study examines eight different ETo models to simulate soil water dynamics in the low-lying paddy fields of eastern India. Using the HYDRUS-1D model and a non-weighing type paddy lysimeter, the actual ET was estimated. The results revealed that while all ETo models exhibited similar trends in simulating soil moisture content (SMC), their accuracy varied significantly. The models namely Blaney-Criddle, Hargreaves-Samani, Ivanov, Dalton, and Penman deviated considerably from the observed SMC values. However, FAO-PM, Priestley-Taylor, and Irmak models closely aligned with observed values. The FAO-PM model showed the highest accuracy (R2 = 0.617, NSE = 0.652, p < 0.000) with the lowest RMSE and MAE. Priestley-Taylor (R2 = 0.593, NSE = 0.578) and Irmak (R2 = 0.574, NSE = 0.549) also performed well with significant p-values. The Irmak and Priestly-Taylor models can account for 94% of the variability in predicting SMC, compared to the FAO-PM model. This study highlights that Priestley-Taylor and Irmak models, which require fewer input variables, can reliably estimate ETo and soil moisture in data-scarce regions. These models provide practical solutions for water management in eastern India, ensuring efficient irrigation planning and sustainable agricultural practices.