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<p>Investigating the hydrochemical evolution characteristics, circulation processes, and formation mechanisms of geothermal systems provides critical insights for geothermal resources development. This study employs hydrochemistry, multiple isotopes (δ<sup>18</sup>O, δ<sup>2</sup>H, <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr), silica-enthalpy mixing model and hydrogeochemical inverse models determine the key hydrogeochemical process. The results demonstrate that all geothermal waters belong to Na-HCO<sub>3</sub> type. Silicate minerals dissolution, cation exchange and mixing take place during the geothermal fluid circulation. The geothermal fluid is originated from precipitation, with a recharge elevation of 813 ~ 1012&#xa0;m. The reservoir temperature is 111 ~ 121 ℃, determined by SiO<sub>2</sub> geothermometer and multimineral equilibrium method. The geothermal circulation depth with an average of varies from 2641 to 2919&#xa0;m. Under the effect of hydraulic pressure, the deep geothermal groundwater upwells mixed with shallow cold groundwater with a proportion of 73 ~ 93%. The amount of mineral transfer in the different flow paths is calculated by inverse geochemical simulation. The study indicates that the key reactions in geothermal circulation include albite, quartz and CO<sub>2</sub> (g) dissolution, kaolinite precipitation, and cation exchange interaction. Finally, Conceptual model for genesis of Hongjiang geothermal system has been developed.</p>

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The genetic mechanism of Hongjiang geothermal system in Jiangxi, Southeast China: insight from the evidence of hydrochemistry, multiple isotopes, and inverse geochemical models

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月20日

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  • Junliang Sun,
  • Kai Liu,
  • Shouchuan Zhang,
  • Qingcheng He,
  • Wuhui Jia,
  • Luyao Wang,
  • Tingxi Yu

摘要

Investigating the hydrochemical evolution characteristics, circulation processes, and formation mechanisms of geothermal systems provides critical insights for geothermal resources development. This study employs hydrochemistry, multiple isotopes (δ18O, δ2H, 87Sr/86Sr), silica-enthalpy mixing model and hydrogeochemical inverse models determine the key hydrogeochemical process. The results demonstrate that all geothermal waters belong to Na-HCO3 type. Silicate minerals dissolution, cation exchange and mixing take place during the geothermal fluid circulation. The geothermal fluid is originated from precipitation, with a recharge elevation of 813 ~ 1012 m. The reservoir temperature is 111 ~ 121 ℃, determined by SiO2 geothermometer and multimineral equilibrium method. The geothermal circulation depth with an average of varies from 2641 to 2919 m. Under the effect of hydraulic pressure, the deep geothermal groundwater upwells mixed with shallow cold groundwater with a proportion of 73 ~ 93%. The amount of mineral transfer in the different flow paths is calculated by inverse geochemical simulation. The study indicates that the key reactions in geothermal circulation include albite, quartz and CO2 (g) dissolution, kaolinite precipitation, and cation exchange interaction. Finally, Conceptual model for genesis of Hongjiang geothermal system has been developed.