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Background <p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), poses significant diagnostic challenges, particularly in South-East Asia, where its prevalence has risen sharply. Although endoscopic biopsies and histopathological evaluations are central to IBD management, inconsistencies in sampling, processing and reporting hinder accurate and reliable diagnosis.</p> Methods <p>To address these gaps, the Indian Association of Pathologists and Microbiologists (IAPM), the Indian Society of Gastroenterology (ISG) and the Colitis and Crohn’s Foundation, India, (CCFI) collaborated to formulate comprehensive guidelines. Using a structured Delphi process and expert consensus, recommendations were developed to standardize biopsy protocols, histological evaluation and reporting of mucosal biopsies and tackling critical diagnostic challenges.</p> Results <p>The recommendations cover biopsy sampling, optimal processing, orientation, interpretation methods, histopathological algorithms, recommendations on histological scoring, follow-up biopsies and differentiation of IBD from its mimickers based on existing literature and expert’s experience. Reporting formats were suggested to ensure uniformity in practice.</p> Conclusion <p>These evidence-based, practical recommendations aim to enhance diagnostic precision, unify practices and improve patient outcomes in IBD care, providing pathologists in resource-diverse settings with a standardized approach to gastrointestinal mucosal biopsy evaluation.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Histological interpretation and reporting of intestinal mucosal biopsies in suspected cases of inflammatory bowel disease: Joint IAPM-ISG-CCFI Working Group Recommendations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Prasenjit Das,
  • Puja Sakhuja,
  • Aminder Singh,
  • Arshdeep Singh,
  • Sagir Akhtar,
  • Saurabh Kedia,
  • Vishal Sharma,
  • Kim Vaiphei,
  • Anna Pulimood,
  • Roopa Rachel Paulose,
  • Anuradha Sekaran,
  • Sanjeev Vasudev Katti,
  • Mala Banerjee,
  • Ritambhra Nada,
  • Nuzhat Hussain,
  • Niraj Kumari,
  • Rajni Yadav,
  • Rajib Sarkar,
  • Vatsala Misra,
  • Vandana Midha,
  • Uday C. Ghoshal,
  • Amit K. Dutta,
  • Rupa Banerjee,
  • Devendra Desai,
  • Ajay Kumar,
  • Sandeep Nijhawan,
  • Mathew Philip,
  • Usha Dutta,
  • Govind K. Makharia,
  • Siddhartha Datta Gupta,
  • B. S. Ramakrishna,
  • Ajit Sood,
  • Vineet Ahuja

摘要

Background

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), poses significant diagnostic challenges, particularly in South-East Asia, where its prevalence has risen sharply. Although endoscopic biopsies and histopathological evaluations are central to IBD management, inconsistencies in sampling, processing and reporting hinder accurate and reliable diagnosis.

Methods

To address these gaps, the Indian Association of Pathologists and Microbiologists (IAPM), the Indian Society of Gastroenterology (ISG) and the Colitis and Crohn’s Foundation, India, (CCFI) collaborated to formulate comprehensive guidelines. Using a structured Delphi process and expert consensus, recommendations were developed to standardize biopsy protocols, histological evaluation and reporting of mucosal biopsies and tackling critical diagnostic challenges.

Results

The recommendations cover biopsy sampling, optimal processing, orientation, interpretation methods, histopathological algorithms, recommendations on histological scoring, follow-up biopsies and differentiation of IBD from its mimickers based on existing literature and expert’s experience. Reporting formats were suggested to ensure uniformity in practice.

Conclusion

These evidence-based, practical recommendations aim to enhance diagnostic precision, unify practices and improve patient outcomes in IBD care, providing pathologists in resource-diverse settings with a standardized approach to gastrointestinal mucosal biopsy evaluation.

Graphical Abstract