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Background <p>Odontogenic tumors show diverse histopathological features and biological behavior, which results in diagnostic and management challenges. Therefore, the present study evaluates the immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin and Claudin-1 (CLDN1) in tumor cells and stroma across different odontogenic.</p> Methods <p>This retrospective cohort included 46 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cases (2019–2022) with a 24-month follow-up. Immunohistochemistry was performed for CLDN1 and β-catenin. Additionally, associations with clinicopathological variables and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed.</p> Results <p>Cystic tumors were linked to higher tumoral CLDN1 expression (<i>p</i> = 0.002), while infiltrative borders correlated with lower tumoral CLDN1 levels (<i>p</i> = 0.029). Aberrant β-catenin expression, characterized by cytoplasmic/nuclear localization and reduced membranous staining, was observed in most cases. Moreover, increased cytoplasmic β-catenin expression was related to larger tumor size (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Finally, lower tumoral CLDN1 (<i>p</i> = 0.017) and positive stromal CLDN1 expression (<i>p</i> = 0.048) were linked to poorer DFS, based on Kaplan–Meier analysis. Infiltrative tumor borders were identified as an independent prognostic factor for DFS (<i>P</i> = 0.021; HR = 6.124; 95% CI: 1.321–28.387).</p> Conclusions <p>CLDN1 and β-catenin expression patterns may be associated with tumor behavior in odontogenic tumors. These markers may have a potential role in risk stratification and follow-up planning; however, further studies are required for validation.</p>

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Stromal and Tumoral Claudin-1 Expression in Odontogenic Tumors: Correlation with β-Catenin and Clinical Outcomes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Marwa T. Hussien,
  • Ahmed Mohammed Said Elshall,
  • Sarah Magdy Abdelmohsen,
  • Amr Helmy Elbolok,
  • Sahar Abdel-Nasser Mohammed,
  • Enas Alaa El-din Abd El-aziz

摘要

Background

Odontogenic tumors show diverse histopathological features and biological behavior, which results in diagnostic and management challenges. Therefore, the present study evaluates the immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin and Claudin-1 (CLDN1) in tumor cells and stroma across different odontogenic.

Methods

This retrospective cohort included 46 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cases (2019–2022) with a 24-month follow-up. Immunohistochemistry was performed for CLDN1 and β-catenin. Additionally, associations with clinicopathological variables and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed.

Results

Cystic tumors were linked to higher tumoral CLDN1 expression (p = 0.002), while infiltrative borders correlated with lower tumoral CLDN1 levels (p = 0.029). Aberrant β-catenin expression, characterized by cytoplasmic/nuclear localization and reduced membranous staining, was observed in most cases. Moreover, increased cytoplasmic β-catenin expression was related to larger tumor size (p = 0.002). Finally, lower tumoral CLDN1 (p = 0.017) and positive stromal CLDN1 expression (p = 0.048) were linked to poorer DFS, based on Kaplan–Meier analysis. Infiltrative tumor borders were identified as an independent prognostic factor for DFS (P = 0.021; HR = 6.124; 95% CI: 1.321–28.387).

Conclusions

CLDN1 and β-catenin expression patterns may be associated with tumor behavior in odontogenic tumors. These markers may have a potential role in risk stratification and follow-up planning; however, further studies are required for validation.